Kannan, G.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Thangavelu, R.; Kumar, P.S.; Bathrinath, M.;
Uma, S.; Backiyarani, S.; Chandrasekar, A.;
Ganapathi, T.R.;
Planta, 2022 |
Peer Reviewed
Race 1 of Fusarium wilt is a serious threat to Musa spp. cv.Rasthali (AAB, Silk subgroup) which is a choice variety traditionally grown in most of the south East Asian countries. Resistant gene introgression into susceptible varieties through conventional breeding has several limitations and the… Show full abstract predominant ones being sterility and long generation time. Under such circumstances, induced mutagenesis combined with toxin based in vitro screening remains as the viable alternative for the development of fusarium wilt resistant Rasthali. Therefore, induced mutagenesis was attempted by using ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) in embryogenic cell suspension (ECS) of Rasthali followed by in vitro screening for fusarium wilt resistance using new generation toxins and pot screening through challenge inoculation with Foc race 1. This ultimately resulted in the identification of 15 resistant lines. Global proteomic analysis in one of the resistant mutant lines namely NRCBRM15 and its wild type revealed 37 proteins, of which 20 showed differential expression. Out of 20 proteins, nineteen were significantly abundant in NRCBRM15 and only one was abundant in wild Rasthali. A total of nine genes based on protein expression were further validated using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Annotation results revealed that some of the genes namely Enolase, ATP synthase-alpha subunit, Actin 2, Actin 3,--glucanase, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, Respiratory burst oxidase homolog, V type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A and DUF292 domain containing protein are involved in diverse functions such as carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, electron carrier, response to wounding, binding proteins, cytoskeleton organization, extracellular region, structural molecule and defense.
Main Conclusion
Induced mutagenesis using embryogenic cell suspension (ECS) explants with toxin based screening is an effective tool to create non-chimeral Fusarium wilt resistant mutants in banana. Global proteomics unravel the molecular mechanism behind resistance. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Thangavelu, R.; Edwinraj, E.; Gopi, M.; Pushpakanth, P.; Sharmila, K.; Prabaharan, M.; Loganathan, M.;
Uma, S.;
Journal of Fungi, 2022 |
Peer Reviewed
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is the most lethal soil-borne fungal pathogen infecting bananas. Foc race 1 (R1) and 4 (R4) are the two most predominant races affecting the economically important Cavendish group of bananas in India. A total of seven vegetative… Show full abstract compatibility groups (VCGs) from three pathogenic races were isolated during our field survey and were found to be highly virulent towards cv. Grande Naine. According to comparative genome analyses, these Indian Foc VCGs were diverse in genomic organization and effector gene profiles. As a result, false-positive results were obtained with currently available molecular markers. In this context, the study has been initiated to develop PCR-based molecular markers for the unambiguous identification of Indian Foc R1 and R4 isolates. Whole-genome sequences of Foc R1 (GCA_011316005.3), Foc TR4 (GCA_014282265.3), and Foc STR4 (GCA_016802205.1), as well as the reference genomes of Foc (ASM799451v1) and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol; ASM14995v2), were aligned to identify unique variable regions among the Foc races. Using putative chromosome and predicted gene comparison, race-specific unique Foc virulence genes were identified. The putative lineage-specific identified genes encoding products secreted in xylem (SIX) that may be necessary for disease development in the banana. An in silico analysis was performed and primers were designed from a region where sequences were dissimilar with other races to develop a specific marker for Foc R1, R4, TR4, and STR4. These race-specific markers allowed target amplification in the characterized highly virulent Foc isolates, and did not show any cross-amplification to any other Foc races, VCGs or banana pathogens, Fusarium species, and non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates. The study demonstrated that the molecular markers developed for all the three Foc races of India could detect the pathogen in planta and up to 0.025 pg µL−1 DNA levels. Thus, the markers developed in this study are novel and could potentially be useful for the accurate diagnosis and detection of the Indian Foc races which are important for the effective management of the disease. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Backiyarani, S.; Anuradha, C.;
Uma, S.In: Kole, C. (ed.). Genomic Designing for Biotic Stress Resistant Fruit Crops.
Springer, 2022
Banana and plantains provide nutrition and food security and are the most important traded fruits with export value higher than any other fruit crops. The commercial cultivars are highly vulnerable to various biotic stresses owing to mono-culturing and evolving of new… Show full abstract pests and races/isolates/strains causing fluctuation in production. For sustainable production, efforts are being carried out to incorporate the resistance in the background of many commercial cultivars by exploiting the genetic diversity available globally. Irrespective of the reproductive barriers many successful hybrids have been developed. As the tailoring consumer preferable varieties with resistance are a challenge for the breeder, non conventional breeding approaches are also been accomplished. Being a challenging fruit crop for improvement of economically important traits owing to its inherent plant-based constraints like male and female sterility, parthenocarpy, polyploidy it will be a good model crop for any other recalcitrant crops for improvement through normal means. Information on potential sources of resistant genotypes, inheritance of resistance, QTLs, technologies that can be adopted for incorporation of resistance genes without altering the horticulture traits is mandatory in developing resistant varieties. In this chapter, we tried to provide the compendium of banana with respect to biotic resistance breeding by focusing on significance of biotic stresses, genetic resources and their potential for resistance breeding, problems in conventional breeding, strategies followed to develop resistance, application of molecular information in accelerating conventional and molecular breeding program. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Backiyarani, S.; Anuradha, C.;
Thangavelu, R.; Chandrasekar, A.; Renganathan, B.; Subeshkumar, P.; Giribabu, P.;
Muthusamy, M.;
Uma, S.;
3 Biotech, 2022 |
Peer Reviewed
Expansin, a cell wall-modifying gene family, has been well characterized and its role in biotic and abiotic stress resistance has been proven in many monocots, but not yet studied in banana, a unique model crop. Banana is one of the staple food crops in developing countries and its production is… Show full abstract highly influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. Characterizing the expansin genes of the ancestor genome (M. acuminata and M. balbisiana) of present day cultivated banana will enlighten their role in growth and development, and stress responses. In the present study, 58 (MaEXPs) and 55 (MbaEXPs) putative expansin genes were identified in A and B genome, respectively, and were grouped in four subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and its duplications revealed that EXPA genes are highly conserved and are under negative selection whereas the presence of more number of introns in other subfamilies revealed that they are diversifying. Expression profiling of expansin genes showed a distinct expression pattern for biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This study revealed that among the expansin subfamilies, EXPAs contributed significantly towards stress-resistant mechanism. The differential expression of MaEXPA18 and MaEXPA26 under drought stress conditions in the contrasting cultivar suggested their role in drought-tolerant mechanism. Most of the MaEXPA genes are differentially expressed in the root lesion nematode contrasting cultivars which speculated that this expansin subfamily might be the susceptible factor. The downregulation of MaEXPLA6 in resistant cultivar during Sigatoka leaf spot infection suggested that by suppressing this gene, resistance may be enhanced in susceptible cultivar. Further, in-depth studies of these genes will lead to gain insight into their role in various stress conditions in banana. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Kavitha, N.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Kannan, G.; Bathrinath, M.; Backiyarani, S.;
Uma, S.;
Scientia Horticulturae, 2021 |
Peer Reviewed
Musa spp. variety Udhayam (Pisang Awak, ABB) is the first high yielding selection from ICAR-NRCB, Trichy released during 2005. The demand for quality planting material shows an increasing trend because of its higher yield (40%) than the local Karpuravalli. But this variety is highly recalcitrant… Show full abstract for shoot tip culture owing to its high phenolic exudation, and very low shoot proliferation rate (<2.0). Therefore, in the present study, attempts were made to develop direct regeneration protocol for the aforementioned variety using various explants like cormlets and male floral hands other than shoot tips. Results revealed that the direct regeneration protocols using cormlets and male floral hands were totally free from latent contamination and recorded high rate of shoot multiplication as against shoot tip explants. Among the three explants used, immature male floral hands showed not only higher multiplication rate under in vitro conditions and also performed better under field conditions compared to shoot tip and cormlet derived plants. The plantlets derived from different explants were found to be true to type as confirmed using ISSR markers. Field performance of the plants derived from various explants indicated that though all are suitable for direct regeneration, male floral hands was superior followed by sucker, shoot tip and cormlets in terms of bunch yield and crop duration. Key message: Immature male flower buds are the best explants for mass multiplication through direct regeneration and commercial exploitation in banana variety Udhayam (Pisang Awak, ABB).
Highlights
• Musa spp. variety Udhayam (Pisang Awak, ABB) is the first high yielding selection from ICAR-NRCB, Trichy with 40% high yielding than local karpooravalli.
• Direct regeneration protocol was standardized for the aforementioned variety using various explants like cormlets and male floral hands other than shoot tips.
• The plantlets derived from different explants were found to be true to type as confirmed using ISSR markers.
• Field performance of the plants derived from various explants indicated that though all are suitable for direct regeneration, male floral hands was superior followed by sucker, shoot tip and cormlets in terms of bunch yield and crop duration. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Devarajan, R.; Jayaraman, J.K.; Somasundaram, S.M.; Ragupathy, S.; Raman, P.; Sathiamoorthy, K.;
Uma, S.;
Food Chemistry, 2021 |
Peer Reviewed
Evaluation of 100 Indian Musa accessions (IMA) for nine elements in their fresh fruit pulp (FFP) revealed genetic variability of 4.7-fold for K & Mg to 111.1-fold for Ca but, only with either highly or moderately positively skewed distribution. The descending order of mineral concentrations (MC)… Show full abstract was K > Ca > Na > Mg > Fe > Mn > B > P > Zn. 100 g FFP contributes fairly about 5 (Fe) to 10% (Mn, Ca & Mg) of daily mineral requirement of Indians. Calcium (97%) and Fe (96%) showed the highest heritability while Zn exhibited lowest (85%). Significantly positive correlation was observed for all minerals. Magnesium had maximum direct effect on Fe content followed by Mn, Zn and Na in path analysis. Both principal component analysis and cluster analysis failed to group the IMA according to their ploidy/genome/subgroups. Twenty commercial cultivars were placed in top 10 positions based on their MC. Besides Ca and Mg, IMA were richer for all micronutrients than the world's Musa gene-pool.
Highlights
• Observed 4.7-to 111.1-fold variability for fruit pulp mineral contents in 100 Indian bananas.
• Highly or moderately positively skewed distribution was observed for all the minerals.
• High levels of Ca, Mg besides all the micronutrient minerals were found in Indian Musa accessions.
• Twenty commercial cultivars were placed in the top 10 positions based on their mineral contents.
• 100 g of banana pulp contributes fairly to the daily requirement of Indians. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Velavan, V.;
Padmanaban, B.; Loganathan, M.; Baskar, N.S.;
Uma, S.;
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2021 |
Peer Reviewed
Background: Banana fruit scarring beetle (BFSB), Basilepta subcostata (Jac.) (Chrysomelidae:Coleoptera), is an important insect pest feeds on leaf and fingers, which affects the cosmetic value of the fruit. The pest is distributed in Assam, Bihar, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, and North-eastern Hill… Show full abstract regions of India.
Results: The pest is currently managed by foliar spray with insecticides. In order to identify eco-friendly control of the pest, attempts were made to isolate microbial agent and evaluate their potential to control the pest. A total of 27 entomopathogenic fugal isolates were obtained from Odoiporus longicollis (Oliver), Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), Basilepta subcostata (Jac), and other insect Galleria mellonella (Fabr). Based on colony morphology, the collected fungal isolates were identified as Metarhizium spp. (17) and Beauveria spp. (10). Through ITS sequencing, the fungal isolates were further characterized at species level as B. bassiana (8), B. brongniartii (2), M. anisopliae (8), M. robertsii (6), M. guizhouense (2), and M. pinghaense (1). Their sequences were submitted in GenBank and obtained accession numbers. Among 27 isolates tested against B. subcostata under laboratory conditions, 3 isolates (M. anisopliae NRCBEPF-36, M. pinghaense NRCBEPF-7 and B. brongniartii NRCBEPF-27) recorded 100% beetle mortality, followed by 11 isolates with 95-99% and 13 isolates with 88-93% within 8 days of treatment.
Conclusion: This study highlights the two native North East India isolates B. brongniartii NRCBEPF-27 (MT151781) and M. anisopliae NRCBEPF-36 (MT140308) showed the significance to use as potential biocontrol agents against banana fruit scarring beetle B. subcostata. Further experiments under field conditions are required to evaluate their biological control efficacy against the pest. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Loganathan, M.;
Thangavelu, R.; Pushpakanth, P.; Muthubharathi, K.; Ramesh, R.;
Selvarajan, R.;
Uma, S.;
Plant Disease, 2021 |
Peer Reviewed
Rhizome rot or soft rot disease is one of the major problems in banana (Musa spp.) cultivation, as it causes germination failure and death of early stage plants. A roving survey conducted during 2017 to 2019 in the major banana growing states of India indicated a 5-30% incidence of rhizome rot in… Show full abstract commercial cultivars. The symptoms observed were yellowing of leaves, necrotic drying with or without heart rot, and yellow or brown water soaked spots with dark brown margins in the rhizomes. Decay of tissues, cavity formation and brown ooze with foul smell, and toppling were also observed. To isolate bacteria, dissected diseased tissues were surface sterilized and plated on Crystal Violet Pectate (CVP) medium. Of 60 samples plated on CVP medium, three samples collected from cvs. NeyPoovan-AB (Karur, Tamil Nadu, 10°56'36.8"N;78°24'12.5"E), Grand Naine-AAA (Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 10°47'26.1"N;78°34'14.8"E) and Thellachakkarakeli-AAA (East-Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, 16°51'32.1"N;81°46'08.4"E), did not yield any bacteria; however, when plated on nutrient agar, they produced whitish to dull white, mucoid, raised, round and translucent colonies, and three isolates were named as NPK-3-48, GTC-5 and 1-1B-3, respectively. Because these colonies were distinct from colonies obtained on CVP medium (which were analyzed and confirmed separately as Pectobaterium sp.) (Gokul et al. 2019), they were further characterized. Amplification of 16S rDNA genes of NPK-3-48, GTC-5 and 1-1B-3 isolates using universal primers (27F 5′ - AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG - 3′; 1492 R 5′ - GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT - 3′) and rpoB gene (Rosenblueth et al. 2004) was carried; the amplicons were sequenced and deposited in NCBI (Accessions MW036529-MW036531; MW497572-MW497574). Phylogenetic analysis of rpoB clearly showed that the isolates NPK-3-48, GTC-5, 1-1B-3 are Klebsiella variicola (Rosenblueth et al. 2004) Besides, biochemical tests also indicated that all three isolates were Gram negative, catalase positive, oxidase negative and able to utilize glucose, maltose and citrate (Ajayasree and Borkar 2018). Therefore, the above said morphological, molecular and biochemical analyses carried out indicated that NPK-3-48, GTC-5, 1-1B-3 are of K. variicola. Earlier, K. variicola causing soft rot has been reported on banana in China (Fan et al. 2016), plantain soft rot in Haiti (Fulton et al. 2020) and carrot soft rot in India (Chandrashekar et al. 2018). For pathogenicity tests, these three isolates were grown in nutrient broth for 48 h at 37±1°C and the cells were harvested by centrifugation. Five milliliters of the culture suspension (2 Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.; Karthic, R.; Kalpana, S.; Backiyarani, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Scientific Reports, 2021 |
Peer Reviewed
Musa sp. cultivar Rasthali (Silk AAB) is a choice variety of the Asian sub-continent. Its production and sustenance are threatened by Fusarium wilt, which affects the livelihoods of small and marginal farmers. The use of quality planting material is one of the strategies to manage the disease.… Show full abstract Availability of quality planting material for varieties other than Grand Naine is limited. Large-scale micropropagation using existing technologies is laborious and expensive. Temporary immersion bioreactor system is emerging as a potential advancement in the micropropagation industry. In this study, a cost-effective temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB) system has been developed and an efficient micropropagation method has been standardized. Explants cultured in TIB with 250 ml of culture medium in a 2-min immersion frequency of 6 h were found to be efficient for shoot proliferation and rooting. Its efficacy has been compared with the semisolid culture method. At the end of the 6th subculture, 1496 ± 110 shoots per explant were obtained in TIB. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, stomatal index, and the number of closed stomata were examined to determine the physiological functions of the plants grown in TIB and compared with semisolid grown plantlets. Plantlets grown in TIB were genetically stable and were confirmed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The multiplication of shoots in TIB was 2.7-fold higher than the semisolid culture method, which is suitable for large-scale production of planting material for commercial applications. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.; Kumaravel, M.; Backiyarani, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Durai, P.; Karthic, R.;
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2021 |
Peer Reviewed
Somatic embryogenesis is an important tool for crop improvement through transgenic approach and even for gene editing. It has been hypothesized regularly for large-scale propagation of banana which necessitates basic data on genetic fidelity and field performance of the plants towards ensure the… Show full abstract commercial feasibility of the technique. Plantlets regenerated from embryogenic cell suspension (ECS) cultures established using immature male flower buds were examined for genetic fidelity using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Results showed that the primers UBC 808, UBC 811 and UBC 841 each generated one polymorphic band with an overall variation in banding pattern of 3.34 and 2.09% in cvs. Grand Naine and Rasthali respectively. Field evaluation of the ECS derived plants showed that there were no negative effects on the vegetative and yield parameters. Remarkably no phenotypic off-types were observed in this field trial. The level of genetic variation observed in this study is not an obstacle for further uptake of this novel propagation technique.
Key Message
Field performance of ECS derived plants being on par with shoot tip cultured plants concludes that somatic embryogenesis could be successfully employed for commercial propagation of banana plantlets. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Jeyabaskaran, K.J.; Pitchaimuthu, R.;
Kumar, V.;
Uma, S.;
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2021 |
Peer Reviewed
A field experiment was conducted to assess the nutrients uptake pattern and partitioning of nutrient in banana cv. Rasthali (AAB) at critical growth stages like 10-leaf stage, 20-leaf stage, shooting stage and harvesting stage. From 10-leaf stage to harvesting, the per cent dry matter (DM)… Show full abstract accumulation decreased from 43 to 22 in underground segment and increased from 57 to 78 in above ground segment. The sample was partitioned into root, corm, pseudostem, leaf lamina, petiole, peduncle, bunch and male bud, processed and analyzed for macro and micronutrients at different growth stages. The nutrient accumulation pattern with respect to dry matter production was worked out. To produce 38.8 ton banana per hectare, about 396 kg N, 69 kg P, 1044 kg K, 2.2 kg Cu, 5.3 kg Mn, 4.0 kg Zn and 6.5 kg Fe were taken up by banana cv. Rasthali. About 8 to 51% removal occurred through bunch harvest from the total nutrient uptake from the soil and remaining nutrients accumulated in the residual tissues were quantified and given. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Thangavelu, R.; Esack, E.R.; Gopi, M.;
Murugan, L.; Pushpakanth, P.; Marimuthu, N.; Prabaharan, M.; Sharmila, K.; Sasikala, R.;
Uma, S.;
Journal of Fungi, 2021 |
Peer Reviewed
Fusarium wilt is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) and is the most serious disease affecting bananas (Musa spp.). The fungus is classified into Foc race 1 (R1), Foc race 2, and Foc race 4 based on host specificity. As the rate of spread and the ranges of the devastation… Show full abstract of the Foc races exceed the centre of the banana's origin, even in non-targeted cultivars, there is a possibility of variation in virulence-associated genes. Therefore, the present study investigates the genome assembly of Foc races that infect the Cavendish (AAA) banana group in India, specifically those of the vegetative compatibility group (VCG) 0124 (race 1), 0120 (subtropical race 4), and 01213/16 (tropical race 4). While comparing the general features of the genome sequences (e.g., RNAs, GO, SNPs, and InDels), the study also looked at transposable elements, phylogenetic relationships, and virulence-associated effector genes, and sought insights into race-specific molecular mechanisms of infection based on the presence of unique genes. The results of the analyses revealed variations in the organisation of genome assembly and virulence-associated genes, specifically secreted in xylem (SIX) genes, when compared to their respective reference genomes. The findings contributed to a better understanding of Indian Foc genomes, which will aid in the development of effective Fusarium wilt management techniques for various Foc VCGs in India and beyond. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Thangavelu, R.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Uma, S.; Loganathan, M.; Backiyarani, S.; Durai, P.; Raj, E.E.; Marimuthu, N.; Kannan, G.;
Swennen, R.;
Scientific Reports, 2021 |
Peer Reviewed
Bananas are vital for food security in many countries, and half of banana production relies solely on 'Cavendish' (AAA), which is presently threatened by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) tropical race 4. This particular virulent Foc strain was also found to attack… Show full abstract other banana varieties of commercial importance. As there is no single effective management practice available so far, this study was undertaken to determine resistant sources from the genotype collection available at the ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India for direct use by farmers and/or in breeding programmes to develop resistant hybrids. A total of 258 genotypes of different ploidies and genomic constitutions were tested against Foc race 1 (VCG 0124). In total, 19 genotypes (AA Unique-6, BB type-2, AAA Unique-1, AAA Cavendish-1, AAB Mysore-3, AAB Pome-1, AAB Plantain-4 and AAAB-1) were found to be immune; eight genotypes (AA Unique-1, BB type-3, AAA Cavendish-1, AAB Mysore-1, AAB Unique-1, AAB Plantain-1) were highly resistant; and nine genotypes (AA Unique-1, AAA Cavendish-3, AAB Silk-1, AAB Pome-4) were resistant. The genotypes that are resistant to the virulent Foc race 1 (VCG 0124) strain can be exploited directly for commercialization and/or in breeding programs to develop resistant hybrids. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Backiyarani, S.;
Uma, S.; Saranya, S.; Durai, P.; Eugin Perianayagaraj, S.; Selvaraj, V.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Karthic, R.; Kalpana, S.;
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2021 |
Peer Reviewed
The presence of residual female fertility in most of the parthenocarpic banana accessions encourages the banana breeder to develop new hybrids through conventional breeding. Desirable trait can be fixed in the first generation of hybrid progenies, but the evaluation of these hybrids in field is the… Show full abstract time-consuming process owing to non-availability of uniform suckers/planting material. This can be overcome by developing multiple shoots from single embryo in a short period of time through embryo culture. A protocol for in vitro multiplication of plantlets from zygotic embryos was standardized in seeded accessions. Multiple shoots from zygotic embryos were achieved up to 55.2% and 64.1% in seeded accessions of Musa acuminata and M. velutina respectively in medium supplemented with 17.76 µM of BAP. The Single shoot derived (only germination) from zygotic embryos was decapitated and the apical meristem were disturbed for further multiple shoot formation in media supplemented with 17.76 µM of BAP. Present studies revealed that in total 75% and 91% of the M. acuminata and M.velutina embryos were able to produce multiple shoot from single embryo by manipulating the media composition and decortications technique. The above protocol was applied for zygotic embryos obtained from controlled pollination (18 cross combinations) and open pollination (nine accessions) of various genomic groups (ABB, AAB, AA). The multiple shoots derived from zygotic embryos and plantlet germinated from zygotic embryos was examined for genetic fidelity analysis by SSR markers.
Key Message
The protocol for multiple shoot formation from single zygotic embryo under in vitro culture developed in this study will accelerate the banana breeding program. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Kumaravel, M., Backiyarani, S.,
Saraswathi, M.S., Arun, K.,
Uma, S. In: Acta Horticulturae 1272
XI International Symposium on Banana: ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Growing and Marketing Banana under Subtropical Conditions, Istanbul, Turkey, 12-16 August 2018
ISHS, 2020
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a high-throughput technique for the large-scale production of quality planting material, genetic transformation and mutation breeding. Although SE is well reported in selected banana cultivars, most of the commercial cultivars are recalcitrant for SE. In order to… Show full abstract induce SE in recalcitrant genotypes through media manipulation, knowledge on genes responsible for SE is of paramount importance. Our earlier studies on comparative proteomic profiling between embryogenic calli (EC) and non-embryogenic calli, and between germinating and non-germinating somatic embryos of 'Grand Naine' (AAA), have identified putative genes responsible for EC induction and germination of somatic embryos. Based on the results of these studies, callus induction media were manipulated in four recalcitrant cultivars possessing different genomic constitution ('Red Banana' (AAA), 'Monthan' (ABB), 'Karpuravalli' (ABB) and 'Ney Poovan' (AB)) and one responsive cultivar ('Grand Naine'). In total, 375 explants of each cultivar were initiated from male flower buds on different media combinations. After 5-8 months of explant initiation, EC induction was recorded. In 'Grand Naine', media with increased concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA) recorded highest EC induction of 24.28%, while the other AAA-cultivar 'Red Banana' showed 18.96% EC induction in kinetin-supplemented media. Similarly, ABB-cultivars 'Monthan' and 'Karpuravalli' showed maximum EC induction in tryptophan-supplemented media (8.54%) and CaCl2-enriched media (17.34%), respectively. In 'Ney Poovan' (AB), higher concentration of tryptophan induced more EC (27.44%). These results illustrate that EC formation in banana is not only dependent on genome constitution but also on the cultivar. Simultaneously, germination media have been modified to induce the proteins responsible for germination of somatic embryos. In 'Grand Naine', media supplemented with 1 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA3) showed highest germination of 91.0%, whereas in 'Rasthali', 10 mM CaCl2-enriched media showed maximum germination of 91.2%. Thus, this present study revealed that media augmentation based on proteomic studies can trigger EC in recalcitrant banana cultivars and germination efficiency in cultivars showing better response for SE. Hide full abstract View PostPrint View article on publisher's site
Kavitha, N.,
Saraswathi, M.S., Sajith, K.P., Bathrinath, M., Kannan, G., Backiyarani, S.,
Uma, S. In: Acta Horticulturae 1272
XI International Symposium on Banana: ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Growing and Marketing Banana under Subtropical Conditions, Istanbul, Turkey, 12-16 August 2018
ISHS, 2020
The present study confirms that immature male floral hands can efficiently be used for mass propagation of banana with minimal risk of contamination, as compared to shoot tips which are commonly employed by tissue culture companies toward the production of disease-free quality planting material. In… Show full abstract this study, immature male floral hands of 'Rasthali' (AAB, Silk) were used as explants for direct regeneration. The male inflorescence with floral hands in whorl numbers ranging from 8 to 25 (outer to inner) were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of growth regulators, like BAP, IAA, picloram and kinetin. Earliest greening (14 days) and meristematic clump formation (24 days) were observed in MS medium supplemented with BAP alone. The number of meristematic clumps formed per explant depends on the size of the floral hands. MS medium supplemented with BAP and IAA was found optimal for shoot regeneration. A maximum of 28 shoots were obtained from a single meristematic clump. The well-developed shoots were transferred to MS medium with IBA, NAA and activated charcoal for rooting. The plantlets derived from male floral hands were genetically found to be true to type as confirmed by ISSR markers. The explants were free from contamination and phenolic exudation which are the major obstacles for in vitro culture of banana. Hide full abstract View PostPrint View article on publisher's site
Kumaravel, M.;
Uma, S.; Backiyarani, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Scientific Reports, 2020 |
Peer Reviewed
Somatic embryos are comparable to their zygotic counterparts for morphological traits but are derived from somatic cells through various metabolic regulations, collectively referred as somatic embryogenesis (SE). It has been well exploited for germplasm conservation, genetic engineering, mutation… Show full abstract breeding, for artificial seed technology and as a tool for mass multiplication. Though somatic embryo development is an important area of interest in growth, and developmental studies, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis behind somatic embryo development can provide insight into the signaling pathways integrating this process. Proteomic analysis of somatic embryo development in cv. Grand Naine (AAA) was carried out to identify the differentially expressed protein during somatic embryo development stages, using two dimensional gel electrophoresis together with mass spectrometry. In total, 25 protein spots were differentially expressed during sequential developmental stages of somatic embryos. Among these, three proteins were uniquely present in 30 days globular stage and six proteins in 60 days old mature somatic embryo. Functional annotation of identified spots showed that major proteins are involved in growth and developmental process (17%) followed by defense response (12%) and signal transportation events (12%). In the early stage, cell division and growth related proteins are involved in the induction of somatic embryos whereas in the late developmental stage, cell wall associated proteins along with stress related proteins played a defensive role against dehydration and osmotic stress and resulted in the maturation of somatic embryo. The identified stage specific proteins are valuable indicators and genetic markers for screening and for media manipulation to improve SE efficiency in recalcitrant crops and varieties. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Padmanaban, B.; Kannan, M.;
Thangavelu, R.;
Uma, S.; Backiyarani, S.; Ashif, K.K.;
Indian Journal of Entomology, 2020 |
Peer Reviewed
In the present study, a field and in vitro screening approaches were followed to identify the resistant Musa accessions (n=310) against banana corm weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar). The corm was crosssectioned and the tunnels (galleries) made by the grub were recorded. Based on the ratio of… Show full abstract galleries, the % was calculated. The infestation level was categorized into resistant, less, moderate and highly susceptible. The results revealed three resistant accessions viz., Kanthali (ABB- Pisang awak), Sambalneyvannan (ABB- Pisang awak) and Bhimkol (BB- wild balbisiana). Around 44 accessions (AA:2, AAA:5, AAB:9, AB:4; BB:5; ABB:15, ABBB:2; Rhodochlayms:2) from different genomes were identified as less susceptible. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Selvarajan, R.; Balasubramanian, V.; Priyanka, P.; Jebakumar, R.M.; Selvam, K.P.;
Uma, S.;
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020 |
Peer Reviewed
Banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV) is a serious constraint in Musa spp. and Musa textilis causing enormous economic losses to growers. The distribution of the virus in various parts of the seeds, flower and leaf tissues of seedlings from banana plants of a synthetic diploid, H-201, naturally… Show full abstract infected in the field was determined by Plate-trapped antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PTA-ELISA), reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and sequencing. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR results revealed the presence of BBrMV in embryo, endosperm and seed coat of seeds from infected plants. Nucleotide sequencing of the RT-PCR amplicons confirmed the BBrMV infection in seed. Quantification of BBrMV in various parts of seed by qRT-PCR using SYBR Green chemistry revealed that the viral load was maximal in the endosperm followed by seed coat and embryo. In a seed growth test, thirteen seedlings, that were raised from embryos of infected seeds in vitro and twenty seedlings raised from infected seeds in pots, expressed typical symptoms of bract mosaic virus disease and were confirmed RT-PCR positive for the virus. This finding will have significant implications in banana breeding programmes. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Vignesh Kumar, B.; Backiyarani, S.; Chandrasekar, A.; Saranya, S.; Ramajayam, D.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Durai, P.; Kalpana, S.;
Uma, S.;
Database, 2020 |
Peer Reviewed
Improvement of edible bananas (a triploid and sterile crop) through conventional breeding is a challenging task owing to its recalcitrant nature for seed set, prolonged crop duration. In addition, the need of huge man power at different stages of progeny development and evaluation often leads to… Show full abstract mislabeling, poor data management and loss of vital data. All this can be overcome by the application of advanced information technology source. This ensured secure and efficient data management such as storage, retrieval and data analysis and further could assist in tracking the breeding status in real time. Thus, a user-friendly web-based banana breeding tracker (BBT) has been developed using MySQL database with Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP). This BBT works on all operating systems with access to multiple users from anywhere at any time. Quick responsive (QR) code labels can be generated by the tracker, which can be decoded using QR scanner. Also for each and every updated progress in breeding stages, a new QR code can be generated, which in turn reduce labeling errors. Moreover, the tracker has additional tools to search, sort and filter the data from the data sets for efficient retrieval and analysis. This tracker is being upgraded with phenotypic and genotypic data that will be made available in the public domain for hastening the banana improvement program. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Uma, S.; Ramaraj, S.; Durai, P.;
Mustaffa, M.M.;
Kalaiponmani, K.; Chandrasekar, A.;
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2020 |
Peer Reviewed
In the present investigation, the insertional polymorphisms of retro-elements were studied in the Musa germplasm available at ICAR-NRCB field gene bank using IRAP markers. The maximum number of polymorphic bands were produced by the primer pair Nikita and LTR 6150 (48) followed by LTR 6149 and 3′… Show full abstractLTR (47) and minimum of 35 bands were produced by the primer pair Sukkula and LTR 6150. The bands produced were scored as 0 (absent) and 1 (present) and the resultant binary data was subjected to diversity analysis. The dendrogram consisted of two major clusters with members of Eumusa and Rhodochlamys in one indicating their genetic closeness and members of the genus Ensete in another cluster. Results of principal coordinate analysis were congruent to those obtained in hierarchial cluster analysis. The molecular markers used in this study could reveal intra and inter-group diversity among the Musa germplasm accessions with similarity co-efficient ranging from 0.41 to 0.99. IRAP marker system has performed excellently clustering the accessions based on both genomic and subgroup levels. The entire germplasm was found to be robust with no duplications indicating the diverse group of accessions available at ICAR-NRCB field gene bank. It has also exhibited high polymorphism and hence could be effectively used to detect the genetic relatedness among diverse genome of Musa. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Thangavelu, R.; Gopi, M.; Pushpakanth, P.; Loganathan, M.; Edwin Raj, E.; Marimuthu, N.; Prabakaran, M.;
Uma, S.;
Plant Disease, 2020 |
Peer Reviewed
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most devastating disease affecting commercial and subsistence cultivation of banana (Musa spp.) worldwide. Generally, the Cavendish bananas are resistant to Foc race 1 (R1) that destroyed cultivar Gros Michel (AAA) and… Show full abstract susceptible to tropical race 4 (TR4), which is causing severe epidemics in different banana-growing countries including India (Thangavelu et al. 2019). In 2019, a roving survey was conducted in major banana-growing states of India such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu to assess the incidence of Fusarium wilt disease in Cavendish bananas and also to characterize the pathogens by different methods including vegetative compatibility grouping (VCG) and molecular methods. The Fusarium wilt incidence in cultivar Grand Naine (Cavendish group-AAA) was 6 to 65% in Bihar, 30 to 45% in Uttar Pradesh, 5 to 15% in Gujarat, and 15 to 21% in Tamil Nadu. For characterization, a total of 61 samples from the Fusarium wilt-infected Cavendish bananas were collected, and single-spore culture of Foc was obtained. The morphological characterization revealed the presence of one to two oval- to kidney-shaped cells in false heads and sickle-shaped macroconidia and a foot-shaped basal cell. The pathogenicity was demonstrated by adopting randomized block design with five replications on cultivar Grand Naine. Koch's postulates were successfully completed by reisolation of the inoculated Foc pathogen and characterization by PCR method. The VCG analysis carried out using nit-M testers of all known VCGs indicated the presence of VCG 0125 from the Foc samples collected from cultivar Grand Naine grown in Uttar Pradesh (Siswabazar of Maharakanj district) and Tamil Nadu (Cumbum of Theni district), VCG 01220 from the Foc samples collected from cultivar Grand Naine grown in Uttar Pradesh (Siswabazar of Maharakanj district) and Gujarat (Kamrej of Surat district), and VCG 01213/16 from Foc samples collected from Uttar Pradesh (Siswabazar of Maharakanj district) and Bihar (Falka village of Katihar district). The molecular confirmation of VCG 0125 and 01220 (Foc R1) isolates was carried out by PCR method using the primer sets SIX6b_210_F/SIX6b_210_R (Carvalhais et al. 2019) for Foc R1, Foc TR4-F/Foc TR4-R (Dita et al. 2010) for Foc TR4, and Foc-1/Foc-2 (Lin et al. 2009) for race 4. The results showed that only the primer set for Foc R1 generated the expected amplicon size of 210 bp in the Foc isolates of VCG 0125 and 01220. Besides, the sequencing of translation elongation factor (TEF) 1-α gene and BLAST searches in GenBank for the representative Foc isolates of VCG 0125 (GenBank no. MW 286800) showed 99.84% similarity to Foc R1 (KX365393.1), and Foc isolates of VCG 01220 (GenBank no. MW 286803) showed 99.69% similarity to Foc R1 (KX365413.1). Further, a phylogenetic analysis performed using the TEF1-α gene sequences showed that the Foc R1 isolates (VCGs 0125 and 01220) from India were grouped with known Foc R1 isolates from Tanzania and Australia. Based on the experimental results, the study has confirmed the presence of VCGs 0125 and 01220 of Foc R1 in cultivar Grand Naine in India. Because these VCGs are the most widely distributed and have not been found to infect Cavendish bananas so far (Mostert et al. 2017), this report is very important from the quarantine and management perspectives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of VCGs 0125 and 01220 of Foc R1 in cultivar Grand Naine in India. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Paul, P.;
Das, S.C.; Saha, S.;
Uma, S.;
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2020
The present experiments was conducted to study the population dynamics and damage potential of banana leaf and fruit scarring beetle, Basilepta subcostatum Jacoby on eight local and wild banana genotypes like Shabri (AAB), Mizo-Cavendish (AAA), Katch Kela (ABB), Champa (AAB), Gopi (ABB), Attia Kela… Show full abstract (BB), Kanai Basi (AA) and Musa flaviflora at banana orchard, College of Agriculture, Tripura during 2018-19. The highest mean number of beetle population per plant and scars on 10 sq.cm leaf were recorded on Mizo-Cavendish (16.84/ plant and 21.26/ 10 cm2) followed by Shabri banana (13.36/ plant and 16.20/ 10 cm2) and katch Kela (9.62/ plant and 12.63/ 10 cm2). Whereas, the lowest population and scars were recorded on Musa flaviflora (0.24/plant and 0.37/ 10 cm2), Kanai-Basi (0.35/ plant and 0.69/10 cm2) and Attia Kela (0.67/ plant and 1.51 /10 cm2). The highest beetle population and peak infestation (scars) noticed during 27rd standard week (July 3rd week) to 39th standard week (Sept. 4th week). The incidence of beetle population and scars produced by the beetle was positively and significantly correlated with rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature except relative humidity. Significantly highest fruit damage per bunch was recorded in Shabri cultivar (87.53 %) followed by Mizo-Cavendish (78.13 %) and Champa (65.86 %). Also the least infested bunches were Kanai Basi., Musa flaviflora and Attia Kela which ranged from 2 to 5 per cent. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Thangavelu, R.; Arthee, R.; Loganathan, M.;
Uma, S.;
International Journal of Innovative Horticulture, 2019
Banana cultivation all over the world is currently facing an unimaginable threat from a newer much virulent strain of the Fusarium wilt pathogen termed Foc Tropical race 4 (Foc TR4). While the torment and recovery from the massive destruction of Gros Michel plantations by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.… Show full abstract cubense race 1 is still lingering around, the banana world faces another much aggressive strain tropical race 4. In this situation it is necessary to look upon and redesign the disease managing strategy keeping in mind the occurrences and losses endured till date due to this pathogen. It is so that the symptom of disease, biology and spread of the pathogen is quite similar to the previous strains, with differences prevailing only under genetic and protein expression levels. It is now a mandate to explore the molecular diversity of the pathogen for quick detection which in turn paves way for quicker pathogen exclusion and management. Even though there exists an umpteen number of the management practices, it is now the time to redesign the management structure and develop newer chemicals, biocontrol agents and resistant varieties to sustain the banana cultivation whose future is questioned by this pathogen. This review summarizes the recent developments in various aspects of Fusarium wilt in banana and its management. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Loganathan, M.;
Thangavelu, R.;
Padmanaban, B.;
Uma, S.;
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019
Rhizome rot and pseudostem rot diseases of banana are caused by bacterial pathogens mainly of Pectobacterium carotovorum or Dickeya chrysanthemi individually or together and D. paradisiaca respectively. The bacterial rot diseases are reported to cause 40-70% incidence in severely infected fields… Show full abstract and their occurrence has been reported worldwide. Diagnosis of the disease is based on presence of the characteristic symptoms such as brown rotting in rhizome and foul odor in advance stages in case of rhizome rot while wet brown rotting on pseudostem in initial stage followed by breakage of pseudostem from the point of wet rot in later stage for pseudostem wet rot. The pathogens are characterized by morphology, gram staining, biochemical and molecular bases. Management of the diseases is focused by use of chemicals, cultural practices and beneficial microbes. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Muthusamy, M.;
Uma, S.;
Suthanthiram, B.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Chandrasekar, A.;
Plant Biotechnology Reports, 2019 |
Peer Reviewed
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The participation of lncRNAs in plant disease resistance in bananas is largely unknown. Therefore, we attempted to identify novel lncRNAs responsive to Mycosphaerella eumusae,… Show full abstract a causative agent of Eumusae leaf spot disease and root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae and their differential expression patterns during stress and normal conditions in respective resistant and sensitive banana genotypes. Illumina paired-end transcriptome sequencing of control and infected samples of resistant and sensitive banana cultivars was performed and the sequence reads assembled into 172434, 201256 transcriptional units (TUs) for M. eumusae and P. coffeae, respectively. The genome-wide analysis for ELSD-responsive lncRNAs led to identification of 5142 novel lncRNAs including 3031-intergenic, 1672-intragenic, and 440 antisense lncRNAs classes collectively from ELSD-resistant and sensitive cultivars. Similarly, 5615 lncRNAs comprised of 3283 intergenic, 1878-intragenic, and 454 antisense classes were identified from P. coffeae-infected resistant and sensitive banana cultivars. Most of the lncRNAs were stress specific, evenly distributed among banana chromosomes and the average length is ranging from 620 to 684 nucleotides. In addition, 1250 and 1284 lncRNAs were differentially expressed to M. eumusae and P. coffeae infections, respectively. The LncRNA-mRNA interaction-based functional role showed lncRNA-mediated downregulation of horcolin, an antifungal protein is likely responsible for ELSD sensitivity in banana cultivars. Furthermore, we identified 100 of these lncRNAs also play a role in drought stress response of banana indicating a possible crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stresses. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Durai, P.
In: Rajasekharan, P.E. (ed.), Ramanatha Rao, V. (ed.). Conservation and Utilization of Horticultural Genetic Resources.
Springer, 2019
Banana is a nature's gift to the mankind with four times protein, twice carbohydrates, three times phosphorus, five times vitamin A and iron, many times potassium and twice other vitamins and minerals compared to apple. It is under cultivation in more than 120 countries across the globe. It is… Show full abstract referred as a food equivalent across major African countries, Latin America including Caribbean and Polynesian Islands. Therefore it has acquired the food-fruit status contributing towards food and nutritional security. This chapter describes the botany and taxonomy of banana, Musa genetic resources and their allied species available across the globe, the evolutionary history of various ploidies and genomes. This also provides elaborate practical guidelines for the successful collection of banana genetic resources. This includes strategies for germplasm collection, establishment of virus-free germplasm, characterization, conservation, documentation and their potential utilization in banana improvement. This deals with the current status and future research needs of various conservation strategies. This chapter recommends the strategic collection of genetic resources and indexing prior to establishment with special emphasis on application of advanced GIS tools in relation to ecological data for effective conservation. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Backiyarani, S.; Chandrasekar, A.;
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Journal of Biosciences, 2019 |
Peer Reviewed
Availability of transcriptome datasets for use in accelerated molecular-based breeding in Musa species is limited. Illumina Hiseq technology was employed to determine differential gene expression between the contrasting cultivars for three different stresses (Eumusae leaf spot -Mycosphaerella… Show full abstract eumusae, root lesion nematode - Pratylenchus coffeae and moisture deficit stress) under challenged and unchallenged conditions. An average of 34.72 million of reads was assembled into ~47629 contigs, and ~5,466 simple sequence repeats (SSR) from each library were identified. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis were carried for all the transcripts and the SSR, SNPs were also detected. Based on this information, a MusatransSSRDB has been developed. Currently, the database consists of 32,800 SSRs with the unique information like putative function of the SSR-containing genes and their metabolic pathway and expression profiling under various stress conditions. This database provides information on in silico polymorphic SSRs (2830 SSRs) between the contrasting cultivars for each stress and within stress. Information on in silico polymorphic SSRs specific to differentially expressed genes under challenged condition for each stress can also be accessed. This database facilitates the retrieval of results by navigating the tabs for cultivars, stress and polymorphism. This database was developed using HTML, Java and PHP; datasets are stored in MySQL database and accessible in the public domain (http://bioinfnrcb.byethost7.com/nrcbbio/). This unique information facilitates the banana breeder to select the SSR primers based on specific objectives. MusatransSSRDB along with other genomics databases will facilitate the genetic dissection and breeding for complex traits in banana. Thus, this database is a step forward in economizing cost, time, manpower and other resources. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Kumar, P.S.; Saravanan, A.; Sheeba, N.;
Uma, S.;
LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2019 |
Peer Reviewed
Banana and plantain offer larger scope in the preparation of designer foods with enriched functional constituents. The study was targeted to investigate the functional and structural differences between different genome groups of banana and its influence on functional characteristics and chemical… Show full abstract constituents. Green banana flour (GBF) was prepared from five varieties such as Grand Naine (AAA), Monthan (ABB), Saba (ABB), Nendran (AAB) and Popoulu (AAB). The flour of Monthan recorded higher swelling and water holding power at 70-90 °C while Popoulu recorded higher solubility. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed an endothermic transition enthalpy over a range of 255.57 J/g for Grand Naine to 418.81 J/g for Monthan. Light transmittance was reduced in the flour of Monthan when it was stored at 4 °C. Green banana flour contains OH, CH2 groups, COO- stretch, and C-O-H bends. X-ray crystallinity was found to be higher in the Grand Naine while Monthan exhibited C-pattern starch. Saba flour displayed a slower rate of in vitro starch digestibility than other flours. Higher phenolic content was observed in Nendran and Popoulu which was correlated with higher antioxidant properties. With its varying functional characteristics and nutritional composition, GBF could be used as a supplement in confectionary, bakery and fortified products such as baby food and healthy snacks.
Highlights
• Plantain cultivars like Monthan and Saba recorded higher thermal resistant values.
• Nendran and Popoulu with higher antioxidant activity could be used for health foods.
• GBF with higher resistant starch content offers to produce low glycemic products.
• GBF could be used for making confectionary, bakery and fortified products. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Marimuthu, K.;
Uma, S.; Backiyarani,, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Gandhi, K.; Chandrasekar, A.;
International Journal of Innovative Horticulture, 2019
Germination of somatic embryos (se) is an important event in a whole somatic embryogenesis (SE) process. Though the well matured somatic embryos of banana were placed on the germination medium with complete contact only 50% of the somatic embryos were germinated into plantlets having either shoots,… Show full abstract roots or sometimes both. Hence in order to increase the germination efficacy it is essential to understand the molecular basis underlying the process of germination. In the present study, we have analyzed differential proteome expression between germinating somatic embryo (Gse) and non germinating somatic embryos (NGse) of cv. Grand Naine by using two dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis. In total 16 protein spots were differentially expressed between Gse and NGse in which 15 were successfully identified. In that, 14 spots were upregulated and 1 spot was downregulated in Gse than NGse. High accumulation of SAUR auxin responsive proteins and cold stress proteins like 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase and Oleosin were highly expressed in Gse than NGse. Hence SAUR triggering factors like NAA, and GA3 were supplemented in the germination medium in three combinations along with cold treatments of 4°C at 0 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr. High germination efficiency of 93% was observed in 24 hr treated embryos in medium supplemented with 1mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L GA3. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Jeyabaskaran, K.J.;
Kumar, V.;
Uma, S.;
International Journal of Innovative Horticulture, 2019
India produces 30 million tons of banana from 8 lakh hectares, annually. It is estimated that India has to produce 50 million tons of banana to meet out the domestic and export needs for banana, in 2030 AD. Banana production systems at the current level of yields are not found to be sustainable, in… Show full abstract the long run, as there is significant mining of plant nutrients in soil and imbalanced fertilization. High yielding, fertilizer responsive varieties of banana and escalating costs of fertilizers have necessitated the development of a quantitative basis for making fertilizer recommendations according to soil fertility status of field for obtaining economic yield of banana. Therefore, soil test crop response studies based on soil fertility gradient approach were carried out on 'Grand Naine' (AAA) banana, which is commercially important in India. Fertilizer adjustment equations and ready-reckoners were developed and they were validated in the farmers' fields in two different locations (Pazhur and Sirugambur villages), in Tiruchirapalli district of Tamil Nadu. In response to the yield, these fertilizer tailoring equations hold good up to the target 105 t/ha and 120 t/ha, under Pazhur and Sirugambur soil conditions, respectively. Beyond these targets, the actual yields increased with diminishing rate and with increasing B: C ratio up to the yield target, 135 t/ha, in both the villages. The levels of NPK required to achieve these targeted yields were found to be optimum for sustaining soil health, while the adhoc recommendation of 200: 30: 350 g N: P2O5: K2O/plant recorded 100.2 t/ha and 99.7 t/ha in Pazhur and Sirugambur, respectively. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Palanichamy, S.;
Padmanaban, B.; Vaganan, M.M.;
Uma, S.;
Indian Journal of Entomology, 2019 |
Peer Reviewed
Banana pseudostem weevil Odoiporus longicollis Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an important pest of banana. In this study, its male produced aggregation pheromone was identified as 2-methy-4-heptanol (2M4H) which attracts both male and female. In order to achieve maximum attraction for field… Show full abstract trapping, an aggregation pheromone (2M4H), host plant extract (HPE) and combination of 2M4H + HPE were evaluated under laboratory conditions with wind tunnel bioassay. Maximum weevil attraction was observed in the descending order of: 2M4H + HPE > 2M4H > HPE, suggesting a better synergistic effect of host plant extract on pheromone. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Muthusamy, M.;
Uma, S.; Backiyarani, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Chandrasekar, A.;
Current Analysis on Biotechnology, 2018
Splice variants have major impact in plant response to drought stress. Alternative splicing a major post-transcriptional modification and its differential sensitivity to drought stress is of paramount importance to resolve complex molecular response of drought stress and to develop drought-… Show full abstractresilient crops. In the present study, we analyzed the alternative splicing pattern of drought-tolerant (DT) and -sensitive banana (DS) cultivars under drought conditions and found that the number of spliced transcripts in DS (AAA genome) has increased to about 4.32 folds, while 0.19 fold among all the splicing events were reduced in DT (ABB genome). Categorization of drought -modulated alternative splicing (AS) events revealed that intron retention is the most abundant (42.5%) process, followed by alternative splice acceptor (22.6%), alternative splice donor (12.2%), and exon skipping (4.86%) in DS. Only 40-44% of intron retained transcripts have the protein coding capacity, indicating that their occurrence would participate in drought stress response as modified yet functional proteins. We observed that retained introns were slightly higher in GC content than constitutively spliced introns. The results reveal that the genotype dependent AS pattern may play an important role in drought tolerance in banana. This study will help in deciphering the molecular basis underlying phenotypic differences among tolerant and sensitive banana cultivars. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Thirugnanavel, A.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Backiyarani, S.;
Uma, S.; Durai, P.;
Vignesh Kumar, B.;
Current Horticulture, 2018
The studies were carried out to evaluate five wild banana (Musa spp.) and three hybrids for morphological characters and their suitability of ornamental value based on 12 quantitative and 6 qualitative traits at NRC for Banana, Tiruchirappalli, during 2016-17. The results showed that all the eight… Show full abstract species varied significantly for all the traits. The wild were dwarf (<1.0 m height) and slender (<20 cm stem girth) and recorded an average of 7-9 leaves/plant. The hybrids were larger (>1.0 m height) and little sturdy (>30.0 cm stem girth). The wild bananas recorded an average of 4 hands/bunch and 4 fruits/hand while hybrids recorded more than 4 hands/bunch and 10 fruits/hand. The inflorescence was erect and bract colour ranged from lilac, brick-red, red, yellow and pink. Based on the study, the wild bananas were highly suitable for potted plants, cut flowers, male inflorescence, and landscape plants while hybrids were suitable only for landscape purposes. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Jeyabaskaran, K.J.; Pitchaimuthu, R.;
Uma, S.;
Indian Journal of Horticulture, 2018 |
Peer Reviewed
A field experiment was conducted to assess the nutrient uptake pattern and partitioning of nutrients in Ney Poovan banana (AB) at critical growth stages like 10-leaf stage, 20-leaf stage, shooting stage and harvesting stage. From 10-leaf stage to harvesting, the per cent dry matter (DM)… Show full abstract accumulation decreased from 42 to 16 in underground segment and increased from 58 to 84 in above ground segment. The sample was partitioned into root, corm, pseudostem, leaf lamina, petiole, peduncle, bunch and male bud, processed and analysed for macro and micronutrients at different critical growth stages. The nutrient accumulation pattern, with respect to dry matter production was worked out. To produce 37.5 t banana/ha, about 444 kg N, 69 kg P, 933 kg K, 2.4 kg Cu, 7.3 kg Mn, 3.4 kg Fe and 5.9 kg Zn were taken up by Ney Poovan banana. About 10 to 52% removal occurred through bunch harvest from the total nutrient uptake from the soil and remaining nutrients accumulated in the residual tissues were available for in situ recycling. The data provided opportunity for proper fertiliser scheduling to achieve optimum yield with higher nutrient use efficiency and nutrient budgeting in banana ecosystem was also done. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Muthusamy, M.;
Uma, S.; Backiyarani, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Chandrasekar, A.;
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016 |
Peer Reviewed
In banana, drought responsive gene expression profiles of drought-tolerant and sensitive genotypes remain largely unexplored. In this research, the transcriptome of drought-tolerant banana cultivar (Saba, ABB genome) and sensitive cultivar (Grand Naine, AAA genome) was monitored using mRNA-Seq… Show full abstract under control and drought stress condition. A total of 162.36 million reads from tolerant and 126.58 million reads from sensitive libraries were produced and mapped onto the Musa acuminata genome sequence and assembled into 23,096 and 23,079 unigenes. Differential gene expression between two conditions (control and drought) showed that at least 2268 and 2963 statistically significant, functionally known, non-redundant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from tolerant and sensitive libraries. Drought has up-regulated 991 and 1378 DEGs and down-regulated 1104 and 1585 DEGs respectively in tolerant and sensitive libraries. Among DEGs, 15.9 % are coding for transcription factors (TFs) comprising 46 families and 9.5% of DEGs are constituted by protein kinases from 82 families. Most enriched DEGs are mainly involved in protein modifications, lipid metabolism, alkaloid biosynthesis, carbohydrate degradation, glycan metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acid, cofactor, nucleotide-sugar, hormone, terpenoids and other secondary metabolites. Several, specific genotype-dependent gene expression pattern was observed for drought stress in both cultivars. A subset of 9 DEGs was confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. These results will provide necessary information for developing drought-resilient banana plants. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S., Backiyarani, S., Saravanakumar, A.S., Chandrasekar, A.,
Thangavelu, R.,
Saraswathi, M.S. In: Acta Horticulturae 1114
IX International Symposium on Banana: ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Unravelling the Banana's Genomic Potential, Brisbane, Australia 17-22 August 2014
ISHS, 2016
Next generation sequencing was performed using an Illumina Hiseq platform in leaf cDNA libraries of unchallenged and Mycosphaerella eumusae challenged plants of banana cultivars with contrasting reactions to the leaf fungus, resistant 'Manoranjitham' (AAA genome, unique) and susceptible 'Grand… Show full abstract Naine' (AAA genome, Cavendish subgroup). Thirty-six million reads obtained from each library were assembled with the Musa acuminata genome sequence as a reference, using TOPHAT2 and Cufflinks software. Approximately 45,000 unigenes were obtained from each library and annotated against Musa and Viridae plantae databases. A comparison of the expression pattern from these four libraries was made based on digital gene expression (DGE) profiles. Major transitional shifts in gene expression were noticed among these four libraries. It was observed that nearly 4658 and 3261 transcripts were over-expressed in challenged libraries of the resistant and susceptible cultivar, respectively. Interestingly, the number of over-expressed transcripts was higher in the challenged resistant cultivar than in the challenged susceptible one. A total of 46 and 8 unique transcripts, which were significantly over- and under-expressed, respectively, in the challenged resistant cultivar, were identified. The M. eumusae-challenged resistant cultivar exhibited 36 pathogenesis-related gene families and 10 transcription factors. These findings are expected to lead towards the identification of candidate genes responsible for M. eumusae resistance in banana. This study revealed that pathogen resistance mechanisms in banana are part of a complex network of defense mechanisms through signal transduction involving ROS, lignin biosynthesis, hormonal pathways, detoxification and production of secondary metabolites. Apart from helping to elucidate resistance mechanisms, the transcriptome data are also being used for identifying functional markers for further use in breeding programs for pathogen resistance. Hide full abstract View PostPrint View article on publisher's site
Backiyarani, S., Raja, K.,
Uma, S., Chandrasekar, A.,
Saraswathi, M.S., Sundraraju, P., Vaganan, M.M.
In: Acta Horticulturae 1114
IX International Symposium on Banana: ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Unravelling the Banana's Genomic Potential, Brisbane, Australia 17-22 August 2014
ISHS, 2016
Plant WRKY transcription factors (WRKY TFs) have a long evolutionary history and are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes, such as development, senescence and in-plant response to many biotic and abiotic stresses. To understand the role of WRKY TFs during a Musa-… Show full abstractPratylenchus coffeae (root lesion nematode) interaction, genome- and transcriptome-wide analyses were carried out. A total of 153 banana WRKY TFs (MusaWRKYs) were identified using public databases. According to their structural and phylogenetic features, they were classified into three main groups. In order to identify the role of MusaWRKY genes in the banana reaction to P. coffeae, the MusaWRKY expression profiles were examined from the nematode-challenged and unchallenged transcriptomic data both from a resistant cultivar LSQUOKarthobiumthumRSQUO (ABB) and a susceptible cultivar 'Nendran' (AAB). It was observed that 121 MusaWRKYs were expressed in both the resistant and susceptible cultivar, whereas 32 MusaWRKYs were not expressed even after having been challenged with P. coffeae. Interestingly it was noted that more MusaWRKYs were significantly upregulated in the resistant (39.6%) than in the susceptible (28.5%) cultivar. Upregulation of more number of group IIc WRKYs (13 genes) in resistant cultivar revealed the significance of group IIc WRKYs in nematode resistant mechanism. Significant expression of MusaWRKY95 only in the nematode-challenged resistant cultivar emphasizes the importance of its role in Musa-P. coffeae incompatible interaction. Thus, isolation of full length genes of MusaWRKY95 and MusaWRKY142 are in progress for understanding their function during Musa-P. coffeae interaction, particularly with regard to any role in pathogen resistance. Hide full abstract View PostPrint View article on publisher's site
Uma, S., Arun, K.
In: Acta Horticulturae 1114
IX International Symposium on Banana: ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Unravelling the Banana's Genomic Potential, Brisbane, Australia 17-22 August 2014
ISHS, 2016
Success in banana breeding and hybrid development has remained elusive in spite of broad diversity for fertility status. Although key factors, including ploidy, diverse genomic constitution, and male and/or female sterility, have been studied, the basic research to understand their reproductive… Show full abstract ecology is limited. Studies on adaptive significance of traits involved in ontogeny in flowering, as well as of factors involved in pollination, fertilization, compatibility, seed production; regeneration, dormancy and so forth need emphasis. Two years' data from NRCB provided a baseline on cross compatibility and improved seed set even under high temperature (by 1-3°C). Two different cultivars were used as female parents ('Kothia' (ABB genome, Bluggoe subgroup) and 'Udhayam' (ABB genome, Pisang Awak subgroup)) and 'Calcutta-4' (Musa acuminata) as the male parent. Studies have been conducted to understand the basis of sterility through physical, physiological and biochemical factors affecting stigma compatibility. Time course germination of pollen grains was studied to understand the structural incompatibility regulating seed set. Such basic ecological and morpho-molecular studies, and those on biomolecules involved in reproduction can lead to understanding of mechanisms involved in seed set and could help diversify strategies for banana improvement. Hide full abstract View PostPrint View article on publisher's site
Saravanakkumar, A.S.;
Uma, S.;
Thangavelu, R.; Backiyarani, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Sriram, V.;
Turkish Journal of Botany, 2016 |
Peer Reviewed
Eumusae leaf spot disease, caused by Mycosphaerella eumusae, is widely distributed in different banana growing countries in Asia and Africa, causing severe losses in yield and quality of banana. The aim of this study was to identify the differentially expressed defense responsive genes through… Show full abstract subtractive suppression hybridization (SSH) in the Musa-M. eumusae interaction system. In this method, leaf samples collected at different intervals between 0 and 72 h postinoculation (hpi) of M. eumusae from resistant (Manoranjitham-AAA) and susceptible (Grand Naine-AAA) cultivars were subjected to cDNA-SSH library construction. From the SSH library, 832 clones having the insert were selected and sequenced. All these sequences were assembled using CAP3, which resulted in 498 unigenes (59.85%), consisting of 78 contigs and 420 singletons. Furthermore, the BLAST2GO analysis performed showed that, out of the 498 unigenes, only 161 (32.32%) were involved in molecular functions, cellular component and biological processes. However, among these 161 unigenes, 57 were found to have top BLAST hits. Six genes were selected based on the function and subjected to validation through qPCR. Four genes, namely ethylene responsive factor, flavin containing monoxygenase, serine glyoxylate, and metallothionein, were found to have the highest-fold regulation in the resistant cultivar at 48 hpi, followed by lipoxygenase at 36 hpi. The main findings are that resistant plants deploy HR activity as a strategy to evade the fungus followed by the activation of various ROS scavengers to maintain homeostasis and the role of phytohormones may be induced as a part of plant defense against M. eumusae. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Saraswathi, M.S.; Kannan, G.;
Uma, S.;
Thangavelu, R.; Backiyarani, S.;
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2016 |
Peer Reviewed
Shoot tips and in vitro grown proliferating buds of banana cv. Rasthali (Silk, AAB) were treated with various concentrations and durations of chemical mutagens viz., EMS, NaN3 and DES. LD50 for shoot tips based on 50% reduction in fresh weight was determined as 2% for 3 h, 0.02% for 5 h and 0.15%… Show full abstractfor 5 h, while for proliferating buds, they were 0.6% for 30 min, 0.01% for 2 h and 0.06% for 2 h for the mutagens EMS, NaN3 and DES, respectively. Subsequently, the mutated explants were screened in vitro against fusarium wilt using selection agents like fusaric acid and culture filtrate. LD50 for in vitro selection agents calculated based on 50% survival of explants was 0.050 mM and 7% for fusaric acid and culture filtrate, respectively and beyond which a rapid decline in growth was observed. This was followed by pot screening which led to the identification of three putative resistant mutants with an internal disease score of 1 (corm completely clean, no vascular discolouration). The putative mutants identified in the present study have also been mass multiplied in vitro. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Uma, S.; Kannan, G.; Selvasumathi, M.;
Mustaffa, M.M.; Backiyarani, S.;
The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2016 |
Peer Reviewed
Cost-effective tissue culture protocols have been established for the commercial multiplication of three banana varieties, 'Rasthali' (AAB - Silk), 'Grand Naine' (AAA - Cavendish), and 'Udhayam' (ABB - Pisang Awak). Reverse osmosis water and 3% (w/v) table sugar were used as the low-cost water and… Show full abstract carbon source, respectively. Six different gelling agent treatments were tested: sago alone (T1), Isabgol alone (T2), sago + agar (T3), Isabgol + agar (T4), sago + Isabgol (T5), and agar alone as a control (T6). Full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg l-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1 mg l-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were used for culture initiation and subculturing. Rooting was accomplished on low-cost MS medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1.0 mg l-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 250 mg l-1 activated charcoal. Statistical analysis indicated that sago + Isabgol (T5) produced the maximum number of shoots (10 per explant) in 'Udhayam' and 'Rasthali', while sago alone (T1) produced the maximum number of shoots (6 per explant) in 'Grand Naine'. The genetic stability of tissue-cultured banana plantlets produced using these low-cost substitutes was assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The results indicated that the ISSR profiles of the five treatments and the control (T6) were similar, indicating genetic stability using these cost-effective tissue culture protocols. Reductions in cost over the control (l-1 of MS medium) ranged from 65% to 86%, while the per plant production cost was reduced by 12.5%-20.0%. Adoption of these treatments (T1-T5) as low-cost tissue culture protocols for in vitro propagation would reduce production costs significantly, leading to an expansion of the area planted with tissue-cultured banana, thereby increasing productivity. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Muthusamy, M.;
Uma, S.; Backiyarani, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Plant Biotechnology Reports, 2015 |
Peer Reviewed
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are one of the many layers of transcription in higher plants. LncRNAs are responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses and regulate genes. In our study, we have identified 905 novel lncRNAs from 8471 drought-responsive, novel transcripts of RNA-Seq reads from two banana… Show full abstract cultivars, a drought-tolerant cv. ‘Saba’ (ABB) and -susceptible cv. ‘Grand Naine’ (AAA). Of these 905 lncRNAs, 75 (8.3 %) transcripts were natural antisense RNAs (NATs) and 2 transcripts identified as precursors of microRNA-miR156 and miR166. Among the 905 identified lncRNAs, 216, 150 and 279, 164 lncRNAs were induced and reduced to drought stress, respectively, in tolerant and susceptible in comparison to their equivalent controls. The remaining 22 lncRNA of tolerant cultivars was not regulated by drought stress. Of the 882 drought-responsive lncRNAs, 44 new lncRNAs were identified as induced. Musa lncRNAs were unevenly distributed in 11 chromosomes of Musa acuminata and no lncRNAs were found in chromosome-9 of drought-tolerant cultivar. The average lengths of lncRNAs were 683 nucleotides (nt). Drought-responsive differential expression of lncRNAs was found between +8.11585- and −4.04311-fold. Around 7.9 % of the identified lncRNAs were decoys of 85 conserved microRNAs. These findings will lay a basic platform for effective strategic planning of developing drought-resilient crop varieties. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Backiyarani, S.;
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Saravanakumar, A.S.; Chandrasekar, A.;
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2015 |
Peer Reviewed
Banana (Musa spp.) is an important tropical fruit with high commercial potential. Musa balbisiana (B genome) is a progenitor of one of the most cultivated banana species and exhibits unique traits, including resistance or tolerance to many biotic and abiotic stresses. RNA sequencing of the Musa B… Show full abstract genome would provide a vast array of transcriptomic information that could lead to the development of trait-specific markers and the discovery of new genes and regulatory sequences involved in resistance mechanisms. Thus, transcriptome sequencing was performed in Musa B genome accession Attikol using the Ion Torrent platform. This led to the generation of about 4.5 million paired-end reads, which were assembled using the MIRA assembler. The assembly produced 82,413 unique transcripts with a mean length of approximately 113 bp. The sequence similarity search against the Swiss-Prot database resulted in the identification of 35,783 unique transcripts (62.18%). Out of these, 193,826 gene ontology terms were assigned to unique transcripts. Functional annotation against PlantCYC pathway database identified 20,696 unique transcripts, which were mapped to 455 pathways. About 4780 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were obtained from 82,413 unique transcripts. Primers could be designed for only 2628 SSRs, out of which 30 primers were randomly selected from defense-related genes to confirm their efficiency. This information will make the improvement of banana cultivars easier by facilitating the selection of resistance genes as well as the development of trait-specific markers. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Backiyarani, S.;
Uma, S.; Nithya, S.; Chandrasekar, A.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Thangavelu, R.; Vaganan, M.M.;
Sundararaju, P.; Singh, N.K.;
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2015 |
Peer Reviewed
Knowledge on structure and conserved domain of Musa chitinase isoforms and their responses to various biotic stresses will give a lead to select the suitable chitinase isoform for developing biotic stress-resistant genotypes. Hence, in this study, chitinase sequences available in the Musa genome… Show full abstract hub were analyzed for their gene structure, conserved domain, as well as intron and exon regions. To identify the Musa chitinase isoforms involved in Pratylenchus coffeae (root lesion nematode) and Mycosphaerella eumusae (eumusa leaf spot) resistant mechanisms, differential gene expression analysis was carried out in P. coffeae- and M. eumusae-challenged resistant and susceptible banana genotypes. This study revealed that more number of chitinase isoforms (CIs) were responses upon eumusa leaf spot stress than nematode stress. The nematode challenge studies revealed that class II chitinase (GSMUA_Achr9G16770_001) was significantly overexpressed with 6.75-fold (with high fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped (FPKM)) in resistant genotype (Karthobiumtham-ABB) than susceptible (Nendran-AAB) genotype, whereas when M. eumusae was challenge inoculated, two class III CIs (GSMUA_Achr9G25580_001 and GSMUA_Achr8G27880_001) were overexpressed in resistant genotype (Manoranjitham-AAA) than the susceptible genotype (Grand Naine-AAA). However, none of the CIs were found to be commonly overexpressed under both stress conditions. This study reiterated that the chitinase genes are responding differently to different biotic stresses in their respective resistant genotypes. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Muthusamy, M.;
Uma, S.; Backiyarani, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2014 |
Peer Reviewed
Soil moisture deficit stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting the production and productivity of banana (Musa spp.). Plant responses to drought stress are regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. As post-transcriptional gene regulators, microRNAs… Show full abstract (miRNAs) regulate gene expression during drought stress. The present study aimed to identify drought-responsive miRNAs in an expressed sequence tag (EST) library of drought-stressed banana and to study their expression in a drought-tolerant banana cultivar, 'Saba', subjected to soil moisture deficit stress. In silico prediction resulted in the identification of three miRNAs (miR156, miR169, and miR2118) whose expression was confirmed using real-time qPCR assays with the respective complementary DNAs (cDNAs) synthesised in multiplex stem-loop-primed reverse-transcription reactions. The selection of a suitable reference miRNA for this study was carried out using six genes, which included the traditional Musa reference gene for 25S rRNA. miR399 was selected as the reference miRNA, based on its constant level of expression in various tissues and sample types. Additional regulatory roles for miR169 on expression of the dehydrin and aquaporin genes in banana were investigated using qPCR assays in drought-stressed leaf samples collected at different times during stress. The results suggested that miR169, miR156, and miR2118 were up-regulated during soil moisture deficit stress, and also that miR169 had an indirect, transcription-level role in regulating dehydrin and aquaporin gene expression. The aquaporin gene exhibited more prominent expression compared to dehydrin in banana during drought stress. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Backiyarani, S.;
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Chandrasekar, A.
In: Nandwani, D. (ed.). Sustainable Development and Biodiversity: Issues, Technology and Innovation.
Springer, 2014
Banana, with its unique characteristics like varied ploidy levels, parthenocarpy, sterility, vegetative propagation and biparental cytoplasmic inheritance, serves as a powerful model for understanding the genetics of these traits where the use of other two model species namely Arabidopsis and rice… Show full abstract is not possible/appropriate. Transcriptome analysis is proven to be an efficient tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved under specific physiological conditions. In banana, different approaches like SSH, cDNA-AFLP, ESTs, and microarray have been tried to understand the molecular mechanism involved during fruit ripening and various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The detailed outcome of the results, merits and demerits of these approaches are discussed. Recent technologies of next generation sequencing (NGS) have also been used to profile the transcriptome under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The generation of enormous amount of transcriptome sequence data resulted in development of genetic markers like EST-SSRs and SNPs etc. The genes identified through these approaches are also being used in developing resistant/tolerant banana varieties through transgenic approaches. The importance of using double reference sequences (A and B genome) for transcriptome mapping is emphasized. The potential application of transcriptome analyses in banana improvement programme are discussed in this chapter. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Saraswathi, M.S.; Praveena, S.;
Uma, S.;
Thangavelu, R.; Kannan, G.; Backiyarani, S.; Arivazhagan, T.;
Indian Journal of Horticulture, 2014 |
Peer Reviewed
Experiments were conducted to devise an efficient method of micropropagation for a high yielding but recalcitrant banana cv. Udhayam (Pisang Awak, ABB) using shoot tip explants. Virus-indexed shoot tips were established in medium comprising full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts and… Show full abstract vitamins, supplemented with 50 mg/l ascorbic acid, 100 mg/l myo-inositol and 4.0 mg/l benzylamino purine (BAP). Among the various media tested for shoot proliferation, MS medium with BAP (3.0/mg l) and 5% coconut water (CW) was found optimum as it produced the maximum number of 6.3 multiple shoots in a minimum period of 7.5 days. Rooting was achieved in the MS medium fortified with indole butyric acid (IBA) 0.5 mg/l + naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 1.0 mg/l + activated charcoal (AC) 250 mg/l. Fully hardened planting material ensured high survival upon field transplantation. The development of a complete tissue culture protocol also includes the optimization of media and environment for successful primary and secondary hardening which has also been accomplished in the study. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Backiyarani, S.; Anushma, P.; Durai, P.;
National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), 2014
Simmond's Travelogue has identified the occurrence of 11 species in India of which seven were identified and documented by NRCB (Uma et al, 2005). Although our explorations in the North East region during 2002-2006 has led to the collection of species like Musa flavflora, Musa ochracea and Musa… Show full abstract cheesmani, their true identity was II confirmed very recently. The accessions earlier collected from North East India failed to establish due to extreme weather prevalent conditions at Trichy. Hence efforts were made for target collections of those lost accessions collected especially from Arunachal Pradesh which is known for harboring vast diversity. The document will be the first report on the occurrence of a new species Musa saddlensis adding to the existing genetic wealth of banana and plantains. Musa cheesmani was collected and misidentified as Musa nagensium. The true identity of Musa cheesmani has been confirmed and documented in this bulletin. There is a greater distribution of intersectional hybrids whose identity is being confirmed through molecular approaches. The unique feature of this document is that it carries the DNA fingerprints of eight Musa species. Hide full abstract
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Backiyarani, S.; Durai, P.;
Mustaffa, M.;
National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), 2014
The indigenous knowledge on Musa landraces is a treasure, on which very little information has been documented. The decline in the number and area under landraces is so alarming that they may face extinction even before their systematic identification, collection, conservation, documentation and… Show full abstract let alone its commercial exploitation. Sterility, polyploidy and clonal propagation have led to the narrow genetic base in banana thus making them vulnerable to large number of pests and diseases. This could also be attributed for their limited success in improvement through conventional breeding. The banana landraces along with their wild relatives are a store house of many resistant genes for biotic and abiotic stresses. These parthenocarpic landraces also have the ability to set seeds under controlled conditions and the hybrids of which can be used directly for commercial utilization or as a base material (synthetic/improved diploids) for use in breeding programs. The distribution, description, ethnobotanical values, possible utilities of the lesser exploited landraces are detailed in this book. Hide full abstract View PDF
Backiyarani, S.;
Uma, S.; Arunkumar, G.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Sundararaju, P.;
Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2014 |
Peer Reviewed
A cDNA library enriched with differentially expressed transcripts was constructed from Pratylenchus coffeae challenged resistant banana cultivar (Karthobiumtham-ABB) through suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique to elucidate the nematode resistance mechanisms. A total of 256 unique… Show full abstract genes of this SSH library were sorted into eight functional categories. Of these, 26.8% were unigenes involved in defense and/or signal transduction including resistant gene homologues, disease resistance response proteins and transcripts associated with disease related proteins and protein kinase signaling. These findings imply that invasion of nematode triggers multiple signaling pathways both through tissue damage caused by nematode invasion and recognition of nematode elicitors by R genes. Confirmation of defense specific representative genes through semi quantitative RT-PCR revealed their increased expression levels in resistant than in susceptible cultivar and the resistant cultivar triggered response much earlier than the susceptible cultivar. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Sajith, K.P.;
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Backiyarani, S.; Durai, P.;
Indian Journal of Horticulture, 2014 |
Peer Reviewed
Stimulation of lateral bud development and plantlet production is generally accomplished through decapitation methods in banana. Attempts were made in the present study to enhance the efficacy of decortication in elite cv. Bangladesh Malbhog using additives like bio-fertilizers and plant growth… Show full abstract hormones. This trial was carried out with suckers weighing 1.0-1.5 kg and sawdust as substrate. All treatments tested, showed good response in terms of plantlet production and enhanced bud proliferation, growth and better root profiles compared to control. Treatment T11 (Bacillus subtilis + BAP) produced the maximum number of primary buds (3.77) followed by T3 (Trichoderma viride) and T6 (AMF + T. viride) with 3.50 and 3.47 buds respectively as compared to control (2.03 buds). Secondary bud production was also observed higher in treatment T11 with 5.70 buds per sucker followedby treatments T3 and T6 with 4.70 and 4.57, respectively. As far as tertiary bud production was compared, T11 gave the highest of 7.33 buds followed by T3 (7.20) and T6 (6.70) with a least of 3.33 buds in control. Addition of IBA and Azospirillum (T7) were observed to have good response in terms of root formation and enhanced bud regeneration (5.77 tertiary buds). Total number of buds produced was also observed highest in T11 (16.80) followed by T3 (15.40) and T6 (14.73) suggesting that treatment combinations, B. subtilis + BAP and AMF + T. viride, were effective for macropropagation of cv. Bangladesh Malbhog. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Dayarani, M.; Dhanarajan, M.S.; Arun, K.;
Uma, S.; Narayani, P.;
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 2014
Seed set in Musa spp. is known to vary greatly among seed-fertile cultivars, but germinate at an intractably low rate in soil thus making breeding of plantains and bananas difficult. Hence, there is an increased interest in in vitro germination of both intact seeds and excised zygotic embryos. The… Show full abstract present work deals with the influence of maturity and hormonal factors on germination and regeneration of Musa ornata seeds through embryo culture and embryo rescue. Embryos extracted from seeds harvested at various maturity stages were cultured in MS media with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. Good embryo recovery was seen in seeds from 80 and 100% mature fruits. Maturity status of embryos played a key role in direct and indirect regeneration. Medium rich in auxins led to callus (M8) formation at all maturity levels, leading to indirect regeneration. Good direct regeneration was observed from 100% mature embryos, in media supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (M4). Study revealed that zygotic embryos of M. ornata could be rescued and regenerated through callus when harvested at 80% maturity and media augmented with Kinetin (M6) gave the best regeneration. In general, medium rich in auxins led to callus formation at all maturity levels. Therefore, in vitro embryo culture and embryo rescue provide a potential tool for recovery and perpetuation of wild Musa species. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Ravi, I.;
Uma, S.; Vaganan, M.M.;
Mustaffa, M.M.;
Frontiers in Physiology, 2013
Drought has emerged as one of the major constraints in banana production. Its effects are pronounced substantially in the tropics and sub-tropics of the world due to climate change. Bananas are quite sensitive to drought; however, genotypes with “B” genome are more tolerant to abiotic stresses than… Show full abstract those solely based on “A” genome. In particular, bananas with “ABB” genomes are more tolerant to drought and other abiotic stresses than other genotypes. A good phenotyping plan is a prerequisite for any improvement program for targeted traits. In the present article, known drought tolerant traits of other crop plants are validated in bananas with different genomic backgrounds and presented. Since, banana is recalcitrant to breeding, strategies for making hybrids between different genomic backgrounds are also discussed. Stomatal conductance, cell membrane stability (CMS), leaf emergence rate, rate of leaf senescence, RWC, and bunch yield under soil moisture deficit stress are some of the traits associated with drought tolerance. Among these stress bunch yield under drought should be given top priority for phenotyping. In the light of recently released Musa genome draft sequence, the molecular breeders may have interest in developing molecular markers for drought resistance. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Backiyarani, S.;
Uma, S.; Varatharj, P.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2013 |
Peer Reviewed
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) databases of 11 Musa complementary DNA libraries were retrieved from National Center of Biotechnology Information and used for mining simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Out of 21,056 unique ESTs, SSR regions were found only in 5,158 ESTs. Among these SSR containing ESTs,… Show full abstract the occurrence of trinucleotide repeats are the most abundant followed by mono-, di-, tetra-, hexa-, and pentanucleotides. Moreover, this study showed that the rate of class II SSRs (<20 nucleotides) was higher than the class I SSRs (<20 nucleotides), and proportion of class I and II SSRs as abundant for tri-repeats. As a representative sample, primers were synthesized for 24 ESTs, carrying >12 nucleotides of SSR region, and tested among the various genomic group of Musa accessions. The result showed that 88 % of primers were functional primers, and 43 % are showing polymorphism among the Musa accessions. Transferability studies of Musa EST-SSRs among the genera of the order Zingiberales exhibited 100 and 58 % transferability in Musaceae and Zingiberaceae, respectively. The sequence comparison of SSR regions among the different Musa accessions confirmed that polymorphism is mainly due to the variation in repeat length. High percentage of cross-species, cross-genera, and cross-family transferability also suggested that these Musa EST-SSR markers will be a valuable resource for the comparative mapping by developing COS markers, in evolutionary studies and in improvement of the members of Zingiberaceae and Musaceae. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Arun, K.;
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Backiyarani, S.; Durai, P.;
Seed Science and Technology, 2013
Trials were conducted to determine the effects of hydro- and hormonal priming on in vitro germination and regeneration of hybrid banana embryos. Fully-mature seeds of Pisang Jajee × M. acuminata ssp. burmannicoides were hydroprimed (for 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days) or hormone primed (gibberellic acid (GA3)… Show full abstract, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) at different concentrations (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm) for three days prior to in vitro culture. The embryos were extracted and initiated on basal MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Hydropriming for three days resulted in 40.8% germination compared with 20.8% germination of non-primed seeds. Priming in GA3 at 10 ppm for three days doubled the germination (82.4%) and also enhanced growth parameters. Early shoot emergence was recorded with BAP priming (5 ppm), while priming with IAA (10 ppm) enhanced root length and root number. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Durai, P.;
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Jayabalan, N.;
Mustaffa, M.M.;
Indian Journal of Horticulture, 2013 |
Peer Reviewed
Phylogenetic lineage of Musa acuminata Colla. and its landraces was assessed through morphotaxonomic traits and microsatellite markers. Test accessions were morphotaxonomically characterized for 107 traits using Musa descriptor and documented. An average PIC of 0.55 was observed using… Show full abstract microsatellite markers and a total of 139 alleles were identified with a mean of 8.1 alleles per primer pair. Matti, a landrace could be a parthenocarpy form of M. acuminata ssp. burmannica or might have originated through natural crosses involving M. acuminata ssp. burmannica as one of its parents. Four wild acuminata forms, viz., Pagalaphad wild, Chengdawt, Lairawk and Meghalaya wild, which have been newly identified, proved their uniqueness. Anaikomban and Pisang Lilin had grouped in the same cluster and have proved their genetic proximity. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Dayarani, M.; Dhanarajan, M.;
Uma, S.; Durai, P.;
Advanced BioTech, 2013
The family Musaceae comprises of four sections among which Rhodochlamys is one. The plants of this section are commonly known as ornamental banana, which occur wild in north east India. To exploit their ornamental value
on a commercial scale, planting material becomes a limiting factor due to poor… Show full abstract suckering ability of these plants.Invitro propagation can be tried, but it is not easily affordable by a normal farmer/gardner. Hence, macro propagation was tried to see the practicability in using it for large scale multiplication. Banana has strong apical dominance, which when suppressed will give rise to many side suckers. This principle was used in macro propagation. Musa laterita was used in the present study. It is commonly known as Bronze banana, because of its brightly coloured flower, which is the colour of laterite soil. The roots of this plant are rhizomatous and give rise to suckers at intervals. The composted saw dust was used as initiation medium. Among the three treatments tried, decapitation of rhizome and treatment with 0.04% BAP has shown good results with high number of buds and high per cent of regeneration. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Singh, H.P.;
Uma, S.;
Selvarajan, R.; Karihaloo, J.L.;
Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology (APCoAB), 2011
Banana and plantains are the second largest food-fruit crops of the world produced in the tropical and subtropical regions of mostly the developing countries. The two together are positioned fourth in terms of gross value. During recent years, growth of banana cultivation has witnessed great… Show full abstract strides reaching 95.60 million tonnes in 2009 from 66.84 million tonnes in 2001. Adoption of Panama disease resistant Cavendish varieties in place of Gros Michel; mechanization in production; efficient water management, harvest and postharvest handlings; and integrated pest and disease management have helped in this growth. Adoption of high quality, disease free planting material developed through tissue culture has been an important addition during recent years. Asia-Pacific countries, particularly India, China and Philippines, are the major players in banana cultivation, contributing more than 45 percentage of the total world production... Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.; Lakshmi, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Akbar, A.;
Mustaffa, M.M.;
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2011 |
Peer Reviewed
An efficient regeneration protocol for zygotic embryos at varying maturity stages was developed for wild banana (Pisang Jajee (AA)). Embryo ontogeny was studied to determine the best maturity stage for embryo rescue, suitable media and culture conditions (light and dark) for germination and… Show full abstract regeneration. The conversion of endosperm from transparent fluid into a semi-solid state was followed by visible embryo development, which commenced only after 70% embryo maturity. Zygotic embryos of Pisang Jajee at different maturity levels were excised and cultured on medium fortified with different concentrations of 6-benzyl adenine (BA) and indole acetic acid (IAA). Zygotic embryos produced callus or plantlets 25 days after initiation. The frequency of callus induction was greater in immature embryos irrespective of the media composition and decreased with increasing maturity. Fully matured embryos regenerated directly into plantlets without producing callus. Immature embryos required medium supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGRs) for successful regeneration. Although the culture conditions had no influence, dark conditions favoured callus induction and plant regeneration. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Saraswathi, M.S.,
Uma, S., Vadivel, E., Durai, P., Siva, S.A., Rajagopal, G., Sathiamoorthy, S.
In: Van den Bergh, I. (ed.),
Smith, M. (ed.),
Swennen, R. (ed.),
Hermanto, C. (ed.). Acta Horticulturae 897
International ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Global Perspectives on Asian Challenges, Guangzhou, China, 14-18/09/2009
ISHS, 2011
The original publication is available at www.actahort.org.
Improvement of ABB bananas is one of the breeding objectives of the National Research Centre for Banana (NRCB), India. India is one of the main centres of origin and domestication of Musa balbisiana. The ability of the species to introgress… Show full abstract naturally with Musa acuminate has contributed to the wide diversity of B and B-rich genomes (like ABB) in India. The NRCB field genebank has a vast collection of 125 cooking banana accessions, dominated by the Monthan and Bluggoe subgroups. Phylogenetic studies offer the potential for unveiling the diversity available in the cooking bananas for exploitation in genetic improvement programmes. In the present study, the ABB germplasm was characterised through morphotaxonomic traits and molecular markers, with AA and BB genomes included as reference groups. The data were subjected to Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using NTSYS (Rohlf, 1998). Out of 125 accessions characterised morphotaxonomically, 71 accessions were distinct, whilst the rest (54) were synonyms. Forty-eight accessions, suspected to be synonyms based on morphotaxonomic characterisation, were characterised using 36 pairs of microsatellite markers. In both systems, cluster analysis resulted in two major clusters. Cluster 1 comprised AA accessions and cluster 2 included BB and ABB accessions. Though Monthan and Bluggoe are the major subgroups, the current study also resulted in another subgroup called Bontha, which clustered along with Monthan at 40% similarity. The estimated Cophenetic correlation coefficients were significant (0.98) in both molecular and morphotaxonomic characterisation, indicating a good fit of the dendrogram with the similarity matrices produced. The two-dimensional scatter plot obtained as a result of PCA also confirmed the clustering patterns elucidated by HCA. The phylogenetic relationships derived in the present study complemented with fertility studies facilitate identification of diverse parents, useful for the development of superior hybrids. These data also facilitated the elimination of synonyms during the establishment of a comprehensive core collection at NRCB. Hide full abstract View PostPrint View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.,
Mustaffa, M.M.,
Saraswathi, M.S., Durai, P.
In: Van den Bergh, I. (ed.),
Smith, M. (ed.),
Swennen, R. (ed.),
Hermanto, C. (ed.). Acta Horticulturae 897
International ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Global Perspectives on Asian Challenges, Guangzhou, China, 14-18/09/2009
ISHS, 2011
The original publication is available at www.actahort.org.
Banana is a recalcitrant crop for improvement due to inherent plant-based constraints like polyploidy, parthenocarpy and male and/or female sterility. Success of banana breeding depends mainly on the use of natural diploids and/or developing… Show full abstract superior synthetic diploids. India has nurtured the development of a number of wild and parthenocarpic diploids harbouring resistant gene sources for a number of biotic and abiotic factors. Present study on 15 diploids includes nine parthenocarpic and six wild diploid accessions of which ten are indigenous and five are exotic introductions. They have been evaluated for various traits like resistance to nematodes, weevils and borers, Fusarium wilt, leaf spot complex and reaction to drought. Based on their usefulness of traits, diploids were included in the breeding programme either directly or through development of synthetic diploids. This paper reports on the results of evaluation of these 15 diploids for their fertility status, breeding behaviour and compatibility status with other diploid and triploid parents. The paper also provides baseline information on factors affecting seed set, like temperature and relative humidity, extent of seed set in 79 diploid cross combinations, percent of good seeds with viable embryos, germination time (10-432 days), germination success (0-92%) and regeneration capacity (2.5-98.3%). This baseline information will be useful in selecting parents for future breeding programmes with better success in seed yield. The poor germination and regeneration of hybrid seeds into plantlets reiterates the need for standardised techniques for embryo rescue for better success in improvement of banana through classical breeding. Hide full abstract View PostPrint View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.,
Saraswathi, M.S., Anto, D.
In: Van den Bergh, I. (ed.),
Smith, M. (ed.),
Swennen, R. (ed.),
Hermanto, C. (ed.). Acta Horticulturae 897
International ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Global Perspectives on Asian Challenges, Guangzhou, China, 14-18/09/2009
ISHS, 2011
The original publication is available at www.actahort.org.
Most wild species and wild relatives of banana (Musa spp.) are found in forests and are thus relatively inaccessible. Their inability to establish in places different from their natural habitats further complicates the use of such wild… Show full abstract species for routine molecular research. The present study was therefore undertaken to evaluate seeds as an alternative source of DNA for conservation in comparison with the cigar leaf. Usefulness of seed as a major genetic tool for conservation of seeded wild banana germplasm, standardisation of the stage of seed maturity for DNA extraction and standardisation of the seed DNA extraction protocol were studied. The accessibility of seed DNA as an alternative strategy for leaf DNA was confirmed using molecular markers (RAPD and IRAP). Among different methods of DNA extraction, a modified protocol with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was found to be the best. Partially mature seeds with 70-80% maturity were found to be the best stage for DNA extraction compared to 40-50% and 100% maturity. Removal of the seed coat improved the quality of DNA extracted. Uniformity of seed and leaf DNA was confirmed by using 80 random primers and 10 IRAP primers. The paper tries to analyse the extent of deviation between seed and leaf DNA and possible reasons in view of the breeding behaviour of wild species. Hide full abstract View PostPrint View article on publisher's site
Backiyarani, S.,
Uma, S.,
Sundararaju, P., Vaganan, M.M.,
Saraswathi, M.S., Jeeva, S.
In: Van den Bergh, I. (ed.),
Smith, M. (ed.),
Swennen, R. (ed.),
Hermanto, C. (ed.). Acta Horticulturae 897
International ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Global Perspectives on Asian Challenges, Guangzhou, China, 14-18/09/2009
ISHS, 2011
The original publication is available at www.actahort.org.
Identification of genes that confer nematode resistance is important for banana improvement. These can either be used as molecular markers for marker-assisted selection or directly by guiding the design of transgenic plants with high… Show full abstract resistance. Cultivars with differential reaction to nematode infection and knowledge of time-course expression of defence genes after nematode infection are a prerequisite for the isolation of resistance genes in banana through functional genomics. Based on pot culture screening and biochemical studies, cultivars 'Karthobiumtham' (ABB) and 'Nendran' (AAB) were identified as resistant and susceptible, respectively, to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA levels of the chalcone synthase gene, the first enzyme in the pathway for flavonoid biosynthesis, was constitutively higher in roots of resistant 'Karthobiumtham' than in the susceptible 'Nendran'. The transcript level of this defence gene was found to increase up to 6 days after nematode inoculation (DAI) and start declining from 7 DAI onwards in both resistant as well as susceptible root samples. From these preliminary studies, it is inferred that for identifying and isolating differentially expressed genes due to nematode infestation, a subtractive library of the interaction of Musa with P. coffeae should be created by subtracting the cDNA of uninoculated root samples from cDNA of inoculated root samples within 6 DAI. A cDNA library is being created through Suppression Subtractive Hybridisation (SSH) for isolating the genes that are differentially activated during the nematode-host interactions. Hide full abstract View PostPrint View article on publisher's site
Durai, P.,
Uma, S.,
Saraswathi, M.S., Jayabalan, N.,
Mustaffa, M.M. In: Van den Bergh, I. (ed.),
Smith, M. (ed.),
Swennen, R. (ed.),
Hermanto, C. (ed.). Acta Horticulturae 897
International ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Global Perspectives on Asian Challenges, Guangzhou, China, 14-18/09/2009
ISHS, 2011
The original publication is available at www.actahort.org.
The genus Musa of the family Musaceae has been classified into four sections, i.e. Eumusa, Rhodochlamys, Callimusa and Australimusa. Eumusa members have contributed considerably to the evolution of present-day bananas. Rhodochlamys members,… Show full abstract which are very close to the section Eumusa and more specifically to Musa acuminate, have a wide distribution in the Indian subcontinent. This paper deals with a detailed assessment of intersectional relationships between 24 accessions from Eumusa, Rhodochlamys and hybrids of Eumusa x Rhodochlamys, using morphotaxonomic and molecular characterisation. All the test accessions were morphotaxonomically characterised and documented. A total of 21 primer pairs were used to assess the microsatellite polymorphism, of which 81% amplified products, resulting in discrete, reproducible amplicons. A total of 145 alleles were identified with a mean of 8.05 alleles per primer pair. An average PIC of 0.55 was observed. The developed dendrogram failed to project a clear-cut distinction between Eumusa and Rhodochlamys members, indicating a close genetic make-up. Diversity analysis suggests that 'Matti', a Eumusa member, could be a parthenocarpic derivative of M. acuminate ssp. burmannica. Four M. acuminate wild forms identified from North Eastern India during recent explorations proved their uniqueness but exhibited higher genetic relatedness to Rhodochlamys. Musa laterita and its progenies grouped in the same cluster in both morphotaxonomic and molecular characterisation, indicating their close genetic make-up. Hide full abstract View PostPrint View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.;
Pillay, M.In: Banana Breeding: Progress and Challenges. CRC Press, 2011
This chapter discusses the history of the domestication of banana and how an integrated approach, combining morphological and molecular data is recommended for resolving the relationships and phylogeny in Musa. View article on publisher's site
Ravi, I.;
Uma, S.In: Monneveux, P. (ed.), Ribaut, J.M. (ed.). Drought phenotyping in crops: from theory to practice.
CGIAR; CIMMYT, 2011
View article on publisher's site
Sundararaju, P.; Swarnakumari, N.;
Uma, S.;
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2008 |
Peer Reviewed
A pot culture experiment was conducted during 2004-05 to evaluate 72 banana (Musa sp.) varieties/cultivars for the tolerance/resistance against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The results indicated that none of the varieties/cultivars was resistant to root-knot nematode (M. incognita).… Show full abstract Hewever the varieties 'Singhlal', 'Manik', 'Champa', 'Sabri' and 'Wather' showed moderately resistant reaction to root-knot nematode and the varieties 'Malai Kali', 'Battisa Piro', 'Shahil Kela', 'Gragric Sarpara' and 'Elavalai' showed tolerant reaction to root-knot nematode. The remaining 61 accessions were found susceptible to root-knot nematode. Of which 15 were found higbly susceptible to root-knot nematode. The resistant variety 'Pisang Lilin' had shown the highest level of resistance to M. incognita whereas the susceptible variety 'Robusta' had exhibited maximum reduction in plant growth and nematode populations showing the highly susceptible reaction to root-knot nematode. (Author's abstract). Hide full abstract
Nwauzoma, A.B.;
Uma, S.;
Mustaffa, M.M.; Durai, P.;
Acta Agronomica Nigeriana, 2008
Sigatoka leaf spot disease (Mycosphaerella musicola) is a major constraint in banana production in India. All commercial banana cultivars like, 'Rasthali' (AAB, syn. 'Silk'), 'Karpuravalli' (ABB, syn. 'Pisang Awak'), 'Monthan' (ABB) and those of the AAA Cavendish subgroup, exhibit different levels… Show full abstract of susceptibility. The National Research Centre for Banana has a mandate to improve cooking banana clones, such as those in the 'Pisang Awak' subgroup, to create elite diploids that are resistant to Sigatoka leaf spot and Fusarium wilt. The approaches include gene pyramiding to create elite diploids and their eventual use in breeding schemes. One of the strategies to overcome leaf spot diseases in Musa are by crossing improved (AA) diploids with triploids to obtain AAAB tetraploids that combine disease resistance with important agronomic characteristics. A trial was conducted from October 2006 to September 2007 to study the response of these hybrids to Sigatoka leaf spot before flowering under field conditions. The results indicate that disease development time (DDT) was the most reliable parameter to evaluate and distinguish the reaction of Musa hybrids to Sigatoka leaf spot. A preliminary ranking using this variable shows that two hybrids were susceptible, while the rest exhibited different levels of resistance and tolerance. Among the parents, 'Anaikomban' (AA) and 'Matti' (AA) were susceptible to the disease, Musa laterita did not express final disease symptoms and the rest were either partially or highly resistant. Finally, the ranking of Musa germplasm for Sigatoka leaf spot reaction in the area was established to serve as a reference for future evaluation trials. Hide full abstract
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Siva, S.A.; Dhivya Vadhana, M.S.; Manickavasagam, M.; Durai, P.; Lourdusamy, A.;
The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2008 |
Peer Reviewed
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic studies were undertaken to identify possible progenitors of Silk banana varieties for use in conventional breeding. Genetic diversity and phylogeographical relationships among 33 accessions of banana belonging to the Silk (AAB) sub-group were studied and compared… Show full abstract with their wild progenitors. Seventy-eight alleles were identified among the test accessions, with a mean frequency of 6.5 alleles per locus, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.28 - 0.55, with an average of 0.41. The co-phenetic correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9, suggesting a good fit between the dendrogram and the similarity matrix. UPGMA cluster analysis based on Sequential Agglomerative Hierarchical and Nested (SAHN) clustering methods exhibited an eccentric lineage of 'Khungsong wild' (Musa balbisiana-BB) with Silk accessions, implying its putative ancestry. The microsatellite markers selected for this study clearly distinguished wild M. acuminata, wild M. balbisiana, and bi-specific cultivated Silk accessions. The results suggest that, irrespective of geographical origin, the Silk group of bananas have a narrow genetic base, with > 80% similarity, and could be derived from a single genotype. This situation offers limited opportunities to improve resistance against Fusarium wilt and Sigatoka leaf spot complex through classical breeding, and will necessitate the use of other biotechnological approaches. This study also revealed a grouping of 'Khungsong wild' (BB) with Silk group accessions instead of wild M. balbisiana and wild M. acuminata, suggesting its possible involvement in the evolution of the Silk group. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.; Sathiamoorthy, S.
In: Singh, H.P. (ed.),
Uma, S. (ed.). Banana: technological advancements.
AIPUB, 2007
India is recognized as one of the major centres of Musa origin and diversity at the global level along with South-East Asian countries and Papua New Guinea. The diversity is spread across northeastern states, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Andaman and Nicobar islands. Genus Musa has more… Show full abstract diversity for acuminata in Southeast Asian countries including Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc. While India has more diversity for balbisiana species besides Philippines. The human interventions, movement and natural introgression of Musa acuminata in Indian subcontinent has resulted in the development of acuminata and balbisiana bispecific clones and their long period of domestication in the regions has resulted in wider spectrum of diversity for bispecific clones. (Author's abstract). Hide full abstract
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Durai, P.; Sathiamoorthy, S.;
Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 2006
The Indian flora has a wide spectrum of diversity for banana and plantains (Musa spp.), belonging to the sections Eumusa and Rhodochlamys. Eumusa comprises most of the cultivated commercial and food varieties, while Rhodochlamys is known for its many ornamental species. The present article is a… Show full abstract review of the Rhodochlamys diversity in India, based on recent explorations where special attention was paid to the habitat of the species. A tentative key was developed for the identification and classification of Rhodochlamys members in India. A number of variants were noticed, and their status as natural or artificial intersectional ‘Eumusa × Rhodochlamys’ hybrids is discussed. Hide full abstract View PDF
Uma, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Sathiamoorthy, S.; Durai, P.; Natarajan, R.;
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2006 |
Peer Reviewed
Trials were conducted to evaluate 2 banana (Musa spp.) hybrids for subsistence cultivation in India. The 'FHIA 01' exotic hybrid and 'BRS 01' indigenous hybrid were evaluated for 2 years at National Research Center for Banana, Trichy during 2003-05 using local Pachanadan as a standard / reference… Show full abstract cultivar for yield and quality. Both hybrids exhibited shorter crop duration and higher yield in terms of enhanced number of hands and total number of fingers. 'BRS 01' exhibited shortest crop duration with 4 crops in 3 years. Slightly acidic fruits in both hybrids made them amenable for different end utilities. Hide full abstract
Uma, S.; Siva, S.A.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Manickavasagam, M.; Durai, P.;
Selvarajan, R.; Sathiamoorthy, S.;
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2006 |
Peer Reviewed
Sixteen collections of the wild Musa species, Musa balbisiana Colla collected from different regions of India were studied for their intraspecific relationships using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of 80 primers screened, 34 primers produced reproducible bands and four primers… Show full abstract among them showing polymorphic bands were used. In all, 43 DNA fragments were amplified averaging 10.75 per primer. Of these, 31 amplified fragments showed polymorphism (averaging of 7.75 per primer). The extent of polymorphism (74.6 percent) has indicated the existence of considerable variation at the DNA level within the species. The 16 accessions were clustered into four as against seven clusters obtained through morphotaxonomic characterization. The inter relationships based on geographical origin in comparison with molecular characterization have been discussed. (Author's abstract). Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.; Sathiamoorthy, S.;
Molina, A.B.In: Sundararaju, P. (ed.),
Van den Bergh, I. (ed.), Sathiamoorthy, S. (ed.), De Waele, D. (ed.),
Molina, A.B. (ed.), Borromeo, K.H. (ed.). Banana nematode management: Towards eco-friendly approach.
International Training Workshop on Recent Advances for Eco-friendly Management of Nematodes in Banana, National Research Centre for Banana, Tiruchirapalli, India, 16-18 March 2004
National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), 2005
Uma, S.; Siva, S.A.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Durai, P.; Sharma, T.V.R.S.; Singh, D.B.;
Selvarajan, R.; Sathiamoorthy, S.;
Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2005 |
Peer Reviewed
Musa balbisiana is one of the progenitors of present-day bananas. The B genome from M. balbisiana has been a rich source of genes conferring resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, yet studies on this species are very limited. The present study analysed 29 pure M. balbisiana types (BB),… Show full abstract collected from the Indian mainland and from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, using RAPD markers. The total number of amplified fragments was 48, of which 39 showed polymorphism. A tree matrix based on these DNA markers was constructed using NTSYS software. The results clearly distinguished two clusters, one containing accessions from the Indian sub-continent, and the other, accessions from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The dissimilarity between these two clusters was more than 65 percent. From the results, we propose that M. balbisiana originated from one location, North Eastern India, but now has three distinguishable areas of diversity including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. (Author's abstract). Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.; Kalpana, S.; Sathiamoorthy, S.;
Kumar, V.;
Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 2005
Banana (Musa spp.) fibre has many and varied applications in the pulp and paper industry, as well as acting as a natural water purifier, and having uses in bioremediation and recycling, for printing currency, and also in the textile industry. Fibre is extracted from the plant pseudostem either… Show full abstract manually or mechanically. Six commercial banana cultivars of different genomic groups (AAA, AAB and ABB) were tested to evaluate their suitability for use in the fibre industry. Various yield and quality components such as biomass production, fibre yield, total soluble solids, pH, total acidity, moisture content, total carbohydrates and total cellulose were analyzed. The fibre yield was found to be higher in AAB genomes, represented by 'Pachanadan' and 'Poovan', than the others. However, all the commercial varieties yielded good-quality fibre, as indicated by their cellulose content.
[La fibre de banane (Musa spp.) se prête à des applications nombreuses et variées : dans l'industrie de la pâte et du papier, comme système naturel de purification d'eau, dans la bioremédiation et le recyclage, l'impression du papier-monnaie, ainsi que dans l'industrie textile. La fibre est extraite du pseudo-tronc de la plante par un procédé manuel ou mécanique. Six cultivars commerciaux de banane de différents groupes génomiques (AAA, AAB et ABB) ont été testés pour évaluer la possibilité de les utiliser comme fibre industrielle. Différents critères de rendement et de qualité tels que production de biomasse, rendement en fibres industrielles, solides solubles totaux, pH, acidité totale, teneur en eau, glucides totaux et cellulose totale ont été analysés. Un rendement en fibres plus élevé a été observé dans le cas des génomes AAB, représentés par « Pachanadan » et « Poovan ». Cependant, toutes les variétés commerciales produisent des fibres de bonne qualité, comme l'indique leur teneur en cellulose.]
[La fibra de banana (Musa spp.) tiene numerosas y variadas aplicaciones en la industria de la pasta y el papel; actúa como un purificador natural del agua y es usada en biomedicación y reciclado, la impresión de dinero y también en la industria textil. La fibra se extrae del seudotallo de la planta, tanto a mano como de manera mecánica. Se probaron seis cultivares comerciales de banana de diferentes grupos genómicos (AAA, AAB y ABB) para estimar si resultaban adecuados para la industria de la fibra. Se analizaron varios componentes de calidad y rendimiento, como la producción de biomasa, rendimiento de fibra, total de sólidos solubles, pH, acidez total, contenido de humedad, total de hidratos de carbono y total de celulosa. Se halló que el rendimiento de fibra era mayor en los genomas AAB representados por `Pachanadan' y `Poovan' que en los otros. Sin embargo todas las variedades comerciales produjeron fibra de buena calidad, como lo indicaba su contenido de celulosa.] Hide full abstract View PDF
Uma, S.; Sathiamoorthy, S.; Durai, P.;
National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), 2005
In this book, a total of 589 accessions have been characterized for 111 traits and evaluated for 21 traits. The characterization was carried out five replications for five consecutive years. This catalogue includes both processed and semi processed data. Although most of the germplasm… Show full abstract characterized are indigenous, some of the exotic introductions from various countries received through ITC, Belgium are also included for information to the users. Hide full abstract View PDF
Uma, S.; Sathiamoorthy, S.;
Selvarajan, R.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Durai, P.;
Indian Journal of Horticulture, 2005 |
Peer Reviewed
Performance of NRCB Sel. 001 was compared with cvs. Karpuravalli of Tamil Nadu, Kanthali of Bihar, Boodida Bokkisa of Andhra Pradesh and Boodi Bale of Karnataka. It was concluded that NRCB Sel. 001 excelled for all the important parameters contributing to yield, 1), pseudostem girth (96.8cm), which… Show full abstract makes it as an ideal cultivar for wind prone areas, 2), leaf area (13.852 sq. cm), contributing for the higher yield, 3), higher bunch weight (35.0 kg), more number of hands per bunch (18.4) and more number of fingers per hand (17.3), which have been reflected in the higher yields, 4) well-spaced hands defining a cylindrical shape, which facilitates packing, loading and transport with minimal damage. NRCB Sel. 001 also exhibited better fruit quality. The best sugar-acid blend and yellow-life enhanced its preference by the consumers and Kanthali ranked second in terms of performance and yield. These results suggest that NRCB Sel. 001 can very well be also a substitute for local Pisang Awak clones like Boodida Bukkisa, Boodi Bale, local Karpuravalli and Kanthali and most suited for wind prone areas. Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.; Sudha, S.;
Saraswathi, M.S.; Manickavasagam, M.;
Selvarajan, R.; Durai, P.; Sathiamoorthy, S.; Siva, S.A.;
Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2004 |
Peer Reviewed
Natural transgression between Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana, the well accepted progenitors of Musa spp., has led to the evolution of modern bananas and plantains with various ploidy levels and genomic constitutions. 'Silk' is an important group of triploid, dessert bananas of bispecific origin… Show full abstract (AAB). Tough it has wide geographic distribution across the globe; the variability seems to be very limited. This study was undertaken with 25 'Silk' group representatives of both indigenous and exotic origins. The genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships were analysed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of the 80 primers screened, 34 primers produced reproducible bands and only four primers were selected for the polymorphic study. A total of 35 DNA fragments across all materials were amplified with four random primers, averaging 8.75 per primer. Within the amplified fragments, 18 showed polymorphism with an average of 4.5 per primer. The average polymorphism among the amplified products was 51.2 percent indicating the existence of considerable variation at the DNA level among the test accessions. Most of the commercial Silk clones formed only two clusters and the extent of variability ranged only between 0-30 percent. The results indicate, irrespective of wider distribution of Silk group members across the globe, the spectrum of variability is very narrow. (Author's abstract).
[La transgression naturelle entre Musa acuminata et Musa balbisiana, les ascendants démontrés des Musa spp., a conduit à l'évolution des bananiers modernes et des plantains dotés de niveaux de ploïdie et de constitutions génomiques variés. Le groupe 'Silk' est un groupe important de bananiers dessert d'origine bispécifique (AAB) triploïdes Bien que sa distribution géographique dans le monde soit étendue, sa variabilité semble très limitée. Cette étude a été entreprise avec 25 spécimens du groupe 'Silk' d'origine indigène et exotique. La variation génétique et les corrélations phylogénétiques ont été étudiées par l'analyse des marqueurs RAPD. Sur les 80 amorces criblées, 34 ont produite des bandes reproductibles et seulement quatre ont été choisies pour une étude polymorphique. Un total de 35 fragments d'ADN sur tout le matériel a été amplifié avec quatre amorces aléatoires avec une moyenne de 8,75 par amorce. Dans les fragments amplifiés, 18 ont présenté un polymorphisme avec une moyenne de 4,5 par amorce. Le polymorphisme moyen parmi les produits d'amplification a été de 51,2 pourcent indiquant l'existence d'une variation considérable au niveau de l'ADN parmi les accessions testées. La plupart des clones commerciaux de Silk forment seulement deux groupes et l'étendue de la variabilité varie de 0 à 30 pourcent. Les résultats indiquent que malgré la large distribution des membres du groupe Silk dans le monde, le spectre de la variabilité est très étroit (Résumé d'auteur).] Hide full abstract View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.; Kalpana, S.; Sathiamoorthy, S.;
National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), 2003
Banana fibre, being tolerant to saline water, is used for making marine cordages. Fibre is currently in demand for producing fancy goods like organic tissue papers, ornamental bags, pouches, containers, ropes, dinner mats etc. These items have good export potential. In South East Asian countries,… Show full abstract banana fabric is in much demand for its flexibility to blend with pineapple fibre and cotton. Japanese currency, Yen, is printed on banana fibre based paper. Thus, banana fibre has a long list of uses and applications. Besides, banana fibre extraction and utilization offer rural employment and income generation, particularly to women folk. It is estimated that 2.2 million tonnes of banana fibre can be extracted from the total cropped area under banana in India. This generates an annual income of Rs 56 millions per annum and employment of 6,00,000 man-days. NRCB has done commendable research in the field of banana fibre. This book is an outcome of the ICAR ad-hoc project, in addition to research carried out in other places. A separate chapter on setting up a fibre based cottage industry with details on machineries required, its cost and sources of availability would be useful for interested unemployed youths, entrepreneurs including women folk. Such vast information on banana fibre is first of us kind.
[La fibre de bananier, qui supporte l'eau salée, est employée pour la fabrication de cordages marins. Cette fibre est actuellement demandée pour la production de biens de fantaisie tels du papier bio, des sacs ornementaux, des sachets, des contenants, des cordes, des sets de table, etc. Ces objets ont un bon potentiel d'exportation. Dans les pays d'Asie du Sud-Est, il existe une demande pour cette fibre capable de se mélanger à la fibre d'ananas et de coton. La monnaie japonaise, le yen, est imprimée sur du papier en contenant. Ainsi, la fibre de bananier trouve de nombreuses utilisations et applications. En outre, son extraction et son utilisation sont des sources d'emplois et de revenus en milieu rural, particulièrement pour les femmes. L'estimation de la quantité de fibre de bananier qui peut être extraite des zones de culture en Inde s'élève à 2,2 millions de t et génère un revenu annuel de 56 millions Rs par an et de 600000 emplois/jour. Le NRCB a fait des recherches louables dans le domaine de la fibre de bananier. Ce livre présente les résultats du projet ad hoc ICAR, en plus des recherches entreprises à d'autres endroits. Un chapitre séparé sur l'établissement d'une industrie domestique de la fibre avec des détails sur les outils requis, son coût et les sources de disponibilité serait utile pour les jeunes sans emploi, les entrepreneurs y compris les femmes. Ce genre d'information sur la fibre de bananier est la première du genre.] Hide full abstract
Uma, S.;
Selvarajan, R.; Sathiamoorthy, S.; Ramesh Kumar, A.; Durai, P.;
Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 2003
Banana is an important fruit crop in India with great socioeconomic relevance. The plant is called Kalpataru (plant of all virtues) owing to the versatile uses of all its plant parts. Apart from its commercial dual utilities as a dessert and culinary crop, other banana-based industries have not… Show full abstract gained much attention. The banana leaf industry is one of the banana-based businesses in the southern states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The annual turnover of the leaf industry is estimated to be Rupees 128 million, approximately equivalent to 1/7th of the annual turnover of the banana industry.
Use of banana leaves as biodegradable dining plates has both cultural and ecological significance. Compared with other banana-based industries, such as the fibre industry, this has become a source of livelihood for several marginal farming communities. This industry has proved advantageous due to: (a) sustainable demand for leaf throughout the year; (b) a year-round sustained source of income for the farming families; (c) the ability to balance the price fluctuation faced by the farmer in the fruit industry, to a greater extent; and (d) its applicability to different banana production systems including garden land cultivation, wet land cultivation and high-land gardens.
At present banana cultivation is increasingly threatened by different fungal and viral diseases. But different leaf spot diseases caused by different fungal pathogens are of highest concern in the leaf industry. Of late, in cv. Poovan, the leaf spot caused by Mycospharella has become very serious. Drechslera leaf spot, which affects only the young leaves, is a major concern during January to April. In spite of its importance, research towards the banana-leaf industry has been limited. In the present study efforts have been made to screen and evaluate banana germplasm for leaf harvesting purposes. Hide full abstract View PDF View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.; Sathiamoorthy, S.;
National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), 2002
India has six banana gene banks having more than 900 banana clones in different names. Initially, effort in this direction was carried out at TNAU, Coimbatore. But those included mostly the varieties of South Indian origin. After the establishment of NRCB at Trichy in 1993, 22 crop specific… Show full abstract explorations were conducted and collected 970 indigenous clones from all banana growing areas including southern states, Gujarat, Maharastra, West Bengal, Bihar, North Eastern states namely Assam, Megalaya, Arunachal pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram, Tiripura and Sikkim. Collections were also made in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. During the explorations the names and synonyms of local varieties along with their indigenous knowledge were gathered. This information has been compiled as the names and synonyms of banana and plantains in India. This compilation is expected to overcome most of the confusions and thus reducing duplication of research. Hide full abstract View PDF
Sathiamoorthy, S.;
Uma, S.;
Selvarajan, R.In: Molina, A.B. (ed.), Roa, V.N. (ed.), Maghuyop, M.A.G. (ed.). Advancing banana and plantain RandD in Asia and the Pacific.
10th INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Advisory Committee meeting, Bangkok, Thailand, 10-11 November 2000
INIBAP-ASPNET, 2001
With 13.5 million tonnes per year, banana is the industrial fruit that has experienced the greatest increase in production, with a target of 25 million tonnes in 2020. Initiated in 1949, the main improvement programmes are conducted in Tamil Nadu and Kerala by Kerala Agricultural University, NRCB… Show full abstract and ICAR. A large national research programme is being conducted in collaboration with INIBAP on five themes: 1 - collection, germplasm conservation and evaluation; 2 - study of the resistance/tolerance of Musa to pests and diseases, 3 - identification of accessions that are resistant/tolerant to production constraints such as fusarial wilt, leaf streak diseases and nematodes, 4 - hybridisation and breeding of diploid and tetraploid varieties and the possibility of creating triploid hybrids that are resistant or tolerant to production constraints, and 5 - the development of in vitro techniques complementing the improvement programmes. Thus, several high potential varieties were selected ('Bluggoe', 'Monthan', 'Ash Monthan', 'Silk', 'Pome', 'Pisang Awak' and 'Bontha'). Encouraging results were also obtained in the integrated management of pests and diseases and the setting up of cultural practices likely to reduce the impact of these problems.
[Programme de RandD sur le bananier et résumés des projets en collaboration NRCB-INIBAP en Inde. Avec 13.5 mt/an la banane est le fruit produit de façon industrielle qui a connu le plus grand essor avec un objectif de 25 mt en 2020. Initiés depuis 1949, les principaux programmes d'amélioration sont menés dans le Tamil Nadu et le Kerala par le Kerala Agricultural University, le NRCB et l'ICAR. En collaboration l'INIBAP, un important programme de recherche est conduit au niveau national sur 5 axes : 1 - collection, conservation et évaluation du matériel génétique ; 2 - étude de la résistance/tolérance de Musa aux maladies et ravageurs, 3 - identification des accessions résistantes/tolérantes aux contraintes de production comme la fusariose, la cercosporiose et les nématodes, 4 - hybridation et sélection variétés diploïdes et tétraploïdes, ainsi que la possibilité de créer des hybrides triploïdes résistants ou tolérants aux contraintes de production, 5 - développement des techniques de culture in vitro en complément des programmes d'amélioration. Ainsi, plusieurs variétés à fort potentiel ont été sélectionnées ('Bluggoe', 'Monthan', 'Ash Monthan', 'Silk', 'Pome', 'Pisang Awak' et 'Bontha'). Des résultats encourageants sont également obtenus dans la gestion intégrée des maladies et ravageurs et la mise en place des pratiques culturales susceptibles de diminuer l'impact de ces fléaux.]
[Programa de investigación y desarrollo del banano y reseña de los proyectos colaborativos NRCB-INIBAP en India. Con 13.5 tm/año el banano es el fruto producido de manera industrial que ha experimentado el mayor desarrollo con un objetivo de 25 tm para 2020. Los principales programas de mejoramiento, iniciados en 1949, se efectúan en Tamil Nadu y Kerala por la Kerala Agricultural University, el NRCB y el ICAR. En colaboración con el INIBAP, se dirige un importante programa de investigación a nivel nacional sobre 5 ejes: 1 - colecta, conservación y evaluación del material genético; 2 - estudio de la resistencia/tolerancia de Musa a enfermedades y plagas, 3 - identificación de las accesiones resistentes/tolerantes a las limitaciones de producción como fusariosis, Sigatokas y nematodos, 4 - hibridación y selección de variedades diploides y tetraploides, así como la posibilidad de crear híbridos triploides resistentes o tolerantes a las limitaciones de producción, 5 - desarrollo de las técnicas de cultivo in vitro como complemento de los programas de mejoramiento. De esta manera, se seleccionaron algunas variedades de alto potencial ('Bluggoe', 'Monthan', 'Ash Monthan', 'Silk', 'Pome', 'Pisang Awak' y 'Bontha'). Se obtuvieron también algunos resultados alentadores en el manejo integrado de enfermedades y plagas y el establecimiento de prácticas de cultivo susceptibles de disminuir el impacto nocivo de los mismos.] Hide full abstract View PDF
Singh, H.P.;
Uma, S.; Sathiamoorthy, S.;
National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), 2001
India is a undoubtedly a place of origin and evolution of present day bananas and plantains. There are more than 100 distinct clones and 40 ecotypes spread across the Indian subcontinent. Bananas and Plantains research received attention only in the recent past and is being streamlined with an… Show full abstract emphasis as a subsistence crop of marginal farmers. In this endeavor researchers are encountering a number of biotic and abiotic hurdles in the form of pest and diseases in improving production and productivity of Banana and Plantains. This situation is aggravated by non-specific hurdles like repetitiveness in research due to a number of synonyms prevailing for the varieties and cultivars situated in different geographical locations. In this book efforts are made to differentiate the cultivars up to the minute details and a have developed a classification key. The authors have taken painstaking efforts to make an exhaustic study of taxonomic details of 640 accessions and document them.
[Il existe en Inde une riche diversité de bananiers, plus de 90 variétés distinctes ayant été identifiées dans les différentes banques de matériel génétique du sous-continent. Cependant, la multitude des synonymes (généralement en langues vernaculaires) fait qu'il est difficile de déterminer systématiquement les identités entre cultivars d'un site à un autre. Par exemple, pour le cultivar bien connu 'Poovan', on a recensé pas moins de 27 synonymes dans le pays. Cette publication fournit une clé pour classer les cultivars de bananiers indiens sur la base du système de classification génomique de Simmonds et Shepherd. Elle décrit de manière détaillée plusieurs espèces sauvages de Musa et les principaux sous-groupes de bananiers cultivés. Outre la clé de classification, on y trouve une liste des synonymes de chaque cultivar. Un grand nombre de planches en couleur illustrent la diversité des bananiers en Inde et montrent clairement les caractères taxonomiques utilisés dans la clé.]
[Existe una gran diversidad de bananos en India, con más de 90 clones distintos identificados en diferentes bancos genéticos diseminados a través del subcontinente. Sin embargo, la identificación sistemática de cultivares individuales de una localidad a otra está severamente obstaculizada por una gran cantidad de sinónimos (principalmente nombres vernáculos) que se utilizan. Por ejemplo, el cultivar 'Poovan', muy conocido, tiene no menos de 27 sinónimos en India. Esta publicación proporciona una clave para la clasificación de los cultivares de banano de India, basándose en el sistema de clasificación genómica de Simmonds y Shepherd. Se proporcionan descripciones detalladas para varias especies silvestres de Musa, así como para los principales subgrupos de los bananos cultivados. En adición a la clave de clasificación, se proporciona una lista de sinónimos para cada cultivar particular. La publicación incluye una gran cantidad de láminas a colores que ilustran la diversidad de bananos en India y proporcionan una clara descripción de los caracteres taxonómicos utilizados en la clave.] Hide full abstract
Uma, S.; Shyam, B.;
Selvarajan, R.; Sathiamoorthy, S.
In: Molina, A.B. (ed.), Roa, V.N. (ed.), Maghuyop, M.A.G. (ed.). Advancing banana and plantain RandD in Asia and the Pacific.
10th INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Advisory Committee meeting, Bangkok, Thailand, 10-11 November 2000
INIBAP-ASPNET, 2001
Following the agreement signed between ICAR and INIBAP in 1999, the efforts made on the conservation and use of plant genetic resources initiated in 1987-89 were continued until 2000. Collection missions were conducted in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Manipur states in… Show full abstract north-east India. The main objectives were to increase the banana genetic pool by prospection and collection, the characterisation and conservation of the accessions collected and finally the setting up of documentation and the development of a database on banana biodiversity. A large number of wild species was noted in all the zones explored. However, this biodiversity is threatened by peasant slash and burn farming. The indigenous varieties are cultivated in compound gardens by small growers. On completion of all the prospection operations, NRCB holds more than 805 accessions, of which 50 have already been characterised. All the information is recorded in a database comparable to MGIS. Training of curators is held in the management of collections and synonyms.
[Collection et caractérisation de bananiers et plantains du nord-est de l'Inde]
[Suite à l'accord signé en 1999 entre l'ICAR et l'INIBAP, des efforts de conservation et d'utilisation des ressources génétiques des plantes déjà initiés en 1987-89 ont été poursuivis jusqu'en 2000. Des missions de collecte ont été conduites dans les états d'Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram et Manipur dans l'Inde du Nord-Est. Les principaux objectifs de la mission étaient : l'augmentation du pool génétique du bananier par la prospection et la collecte, la caractérisation et la conservation des accessions collectées, et enfin la mise en place d'une documentation et le développement d'une base de données sur la biodiversité du bananier. Dans l'ensemble des zones explorées, on note un nombre important des espèces sauvages. Mais cette biodiversité est menacée par la culture sur brûlis pratiquée par les paysans. Les variétés indigènes sont cultivées par les petits producteurs dans les jardins de case. Au terme de toutes les prospections, le NRCB détient plus de 805 accessions dont 50 sont déjà caractérisées. Toutes les informations sont enregistrées dans une base de données comparable au MGIS. Des formations ont été organisées auprès des curateurs sur la gestion des collections et les synonymies.]
[Recolección y caracterización de los bananos y plátanos en el noreste de India]
[A raíz del acuerdo firmado en 1999 entre el ICAR y el INIBAP, los esfuerzos de conservación y utilización de los recursos genéticos de las plantas ya iniciados en 1987-89 se prosiguieron hasta el 2000. Se efectuaron algunas misiones de colecta en los Estados de Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram y Manipur en el noreste de la India. Los principales objetivos de la misión eran: el aumento del banco genético del banano mediante la prospección y la colecta, la caracterización y conservación de las accesiones recolectadas y, finalmente, el establecimiento de una documentación y el desarrollo de una base de datos sobre la biodiversidad del banano. En el conjunto de las zonas exploradas, se observa un número importante de especies silvestres. Pero esta biodiversidad está amenazada por el cultivo de quema practicado por los campesinos. Los pequeños productores cultivan las variedades indígenas en los huertos caseros. Al término de todas las prospecciones, el NRCB posee más de 805 accesiones de las que 50 ya están caracterizadas. Se registra toda la información en una base de datos comparable al MGIS. Se organizaron formaciones para los administradores sobre la gestión de las colecciones y las sinonimias.] Hide full abstract View PDF
Selvarajan, R.;
Uma, S.; Sathiamoorthy, S.
In: Molina, A.B. (ed.), Roa, V.N. (ed.), Maghuyop, M.A.G. (ed.). Advancing banana and plantain RandD in Asia and the Pacific.
10th INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Advisory Committee meeting, Bangkok, Thailand, 10-11 November 2000
INIBAP-ASPNET, 2001
More recent survey by the NRCB has shown the existence of new species of Mycosphaerella in many commercial cultivars. Carlier et al. (2000) has also confirmed the presence of M. eumusae, causing septoria leaf spot disease in the 'Cavendish' cv. 'Grande Naine' in Southern India. With the initiative… Show full abstract of INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Coordinator, research on leaf diseases was carried out with the following objectives: 1 - to identify the various leaf spot diseases and their causal organisms affecting common cultivars of banana in the country, 2 - to conduct a preliminary survey on the distribution and the severity of these diseases geographically and cultivar wise. The study conducted in peninsular India confirmed the occurrence of black Sigatoka (M. fijiensis) and Septoria leaf spot (M. eumusae) in addition to yellow Sigatoka (M. musicola). The symptoms varied with the cultivar, altitude and season of occurrence. Further investigations on pathogen diversity through intensive survey and resistance sources among Musa spp., including wild species, to the different pathogens are necessary. Crop losses due to these diseases are very conspicuous and small and marginal farmers of South and Southeast Asia cannot afford to control them using pesticides.
[Etiologie et suivi des maladies des taches foliaires en Inde]
[Les plus récents suivis faits par le NRCB ont révélé l'existence de nouvelles espèces de Mycosphaerella dans beaucoup de cultivars commerciaux. Carlier et al. (2000) ont aussi confirmé la présence de M. eumusae, responsable de la septoriose sur Cavendish cv. 'Grande Naine' au sud de l'Inde. A l'initiative du coordinateur régional de l'INIBAP-ASPNET, des recherches ont été entreprises sur les maladies foliaires avec les objectifs suivants : 1) identifier les diverses maladies et leurs agents causaux affectant communément les bananiers dans le pays, 2) conduire une étude préliminaire de la distribution et de la sévérité tenant compte de la géographie et des cultivars. L'étude conduite dans la péninsule a confirmé l'occurrence de la cercosporiose noire (M. fijiensis), de la septoriose (M. eumusae) et de la cercosporiose jaune (M. musicola). Les symptômes ont varié suivant le cultivar, l'altitude et la saison de déclaration. Des études plus poussées sur la diversité du pathogène faisant appel à des suivis intensifs et sur les sources de résistance aux différents pathogènes parmi les Musa spp., y compris les espèces sauvages, s'avèrent nécessaires. Les pertes consécutives aux maladies sont considérables et les petits exploitants d'Asie du Sud et du Sud-Est n'ont pas les moyens d'employer des pesticides.]
[Etiología y encuesta sobre las enfermedades de la mancha foliar del banano en India]
[La encuesta más reciente realizada por el NRCB ha mostrado la existencia de una nueva especie de Mycosphaerella en muchos cultivares comerciales. Carlier et al. (2000) también han confirmado la presencia de M. eumusae, que causa la enfermedad de la mancha foliar septoria en el cv. 'Grande Naine' de 'Cavendish' en el sur de la India. Con la iniciativa del Coordinador Regional de INIBAP-ASPNET, se realizó una investigación de las enfermedades foliares con los siguientes objetivos: 1 - identificar diferentes enfermedades foliares y sus organismos causales que afectan los cultivares comunes del país, 2 - realizar una encuesta preliminar sobre la distribución y severidad de estas enfermedades desde el punto de vista geográfico y del cultivar. El estudio que se llevó a cabo en India peninsular confirmó la ocurrencia de la Sigatoka negra (M. fijiensis) mancha foliar Septoria (M. eumusae) en adición a la Sigatoka amarilla(M. musicola). Los síntomas variaron de acuerdo con el cultivar, altitud y estación cuando se produjeron. Es necesario realizar más investigaciones sobre la diversidad de los patógenos a través de una encuesta intensiva y sobre las fuentes de resistencia entre las Musa spp., incluyendo las especies silvestres, a diferentes patógenos. Las pérdidas de los cultivos debido a estas enfermedades son muy notables y los pequeños y marginados agricultores en el sur y sudeste de Asia no pueden afrontar su control utilizando plaguicidas.] Hide full abstract View PDF
Uma, S.;
Selvarajan, R.;
National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), 2001
During the last three explorations, 89 accessions were collected and brought to the NRCB field genebank. As mentioned in the earlier reports, the accessions collected and brought to NRCB had difficulty in establishment. This is mainly attributed to the extremities with respect to altitude, soil and… Show full abstract weather conditions. During the course of establishment, 29 accessions have been lost and the list is enclosed. The remaining 60 accessions are planted at NRCB field genebank under wetland cultivation system. For better establishment of accessions from North-East, closer spacing is followed in order to create shade and high humidity which are prevalent in-their natural habitat. The accessions such raised are used for morpho-taxonomic characterization. Meantime the efforts are being made to identify a suitable field genebank either in the State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), State departments or NGOS in order to maintain the germplasm collected from North-Eastern region for conservation and evaluation. Hide full abstract View PDF
Singh, H.P.;
Uma, S.In: Singh, H.P. (ed.), Chadha, K.L. (ed.). Banana: Improvement, production and utilization.
Conference on Challenges for Banana Production and Utilization in 21st Century, Trichy, India, 24-25 September 1996
AIPUB, 2000
India is the major centre of diversity especially for banana belonging to AAB and ABB clones. Musa accuminata cv. Burmanica has become the major donor source for leaf spot resistance in many breeding programmes. At the National Research Centre on Banana collection, conservation, evaluation and… Show full abstract utilization of genetic diversity has received greater emphasis. A total of 587 accessions are conserved in a field genebank. A tissue culture protocol has been developed for in vitro multiplication of banana accessions belonging to different genomic groups and ploidy levels. Evaluation for a large number of accessions has been completed and a database is being developed. Apart from morpho-taxonomical evaluation, germplasm has also been evaluated with respect to disease resistance, salt tolerance and post-harvest characteristics. Musa clones from the North-Eastern region have been classified using morpho-taxonomical characters. Many of the fleld genebanks of South India are found to be infested with banana bract mosaic and other viruses. For the safe exchange of germplasm indexing against viruses has assumed significance.
[Diversité génétique du bananier en Inde]
[L'Inde est le principal centre de diversité notamment pour les bananiers appartenant aux clones AAB et ABB. Musa accuminata cv. Burmanica est devenu la source principale de résistance à la maladie des taches foliaires dans beaucoup de programmes d'amélioration. Au centre national de recherches sur la collection de bananiers, l'accent a été mis sur la conservation, l'évaluation et l'utilisation de la diversité génétique. Un total de 587 accessions est conservé dans une banque de gènes en champ. Un protocole de micropropagation in vitro a été développé pour la multiplication des accessions de bananiers, appartenant à des groupes génomiques différents et possédant des niveaux de ploïdie variés. L'évaluation pour un grand nombre d'accessions a été accomplie et une base de données est en cours de réalisation. Indépendamment de l'évaluation morpho-taxonomique, le matériel génétique a été également examiné dans les domaines de la résistance aux maladies, la tolérance au sel et les caractéristiques post-récolte. Les clones de Musa de la région du Nord-Est ont été classés suivant les caractères morpho-taxonomiques. Plusieurs des collections en champ de l'Inde du Sud s'avèrent contaminées par le virus de la mosaïque de la bractée du bananier et par d'autres virus. Pour la sécurité des échanges de matériel génétique, l'indexation des virus est importante.]
[Diversidad genética de bananos en India]
[India es específicamente el principal centro de diversidad para los bananos pertenecientes a los clones AAB y ABB. La Musa accuminata cv. burmanica se ha convertido en la principal fuente donante para desarrollar la resistencia a la mancha foliar en muchos programas de mejoramiento. En el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Banano, la recolección, conservación, evaluación y utilización de la diversidad genética han recibido un gran énfasis. Un total de 587 accesiones se conservan en un banco genético en el campo. Se ha desarrollado un protocolo de cultivo de tejidos para la multiplicación in vitro de las accesiones de banano pertenecientes a diferentes grupos genómicos y niveles de ploidia. Se ha completado la evaluación de un gran número de accesiones y se está desarrollando una base de datos. Aparte de la evaluación morfotaxonómica, el germoplasma también ha sido evaluado con respecto a la resistencia a enfermedades, tolerancia a la sal y características postcosecha. Los clones de Musa de la región nordeste han sido clasificados utilizando caracteres morfotaxonómicos. Muchos de los bancos genéticos en campo en el sur de la India se encuentran infestados con el virus del mosaico de las brácteas y otros virus. Para un seguro intercambio de germoplasma, la indización contra los virus ha tomado un gran significado.] The link below is to a saved search of all papers from this book. Hide full abstract View PDF View article on publisher's site
Uma, S.; Shyam, B.;
Selvarajan, R.;
National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), 2000
During 1998-99, three N-E states namely Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya were covered under exploration and during this plan period Tripura, Mizoram and Southern Assam were explored for variability in Banana and. Plantains. These are areas where in natural introgression has occurred between… Show full abstract Musa balbisiana of the Indian subcontinent with Musa acuminata from South Eastern Asia. Traditional banana cultivation is seldom present in these states. Most of the areas are hilly terrain and cultivation is seen in valleys and plains. Due to the recent ethnic problems North-Eastern states are difficult to travel and more so for exploration purposes. For traveling in Tripura, protection was sought through the State Agriculture Department. This exploration was undertaken with great difficulty and threat to personal safety. Hide full abstract View PDF
Singh, H.P.;
Uma, S.In: Singh, H.P. (ed.), Chadha, K.L. (ed.). Banana: Improvement, production and utilization.
Conference on Challenges for Banana Production and Utilization in 21st Century, Trichy, India, 24-25 September 1996
AIPUB, 2000
A study was undertaken to evaluate 8 commercial cultivars, belonging to different genomic groups for growth, yield and quality as well as for its reaction to diseases and salt tolerance in a wetland production system. 'Nendran' has the shortest crop cycle, while 'Karpuravalli' requires longer crop… Show full abstract cycle. No leaf spot diseases were observed in 'Karpuravalli', while 'Robusta' experienced high incidence. Incidence of wilt was noted in 'Rasthali' and to little extent in 'Karpuravalli'. 'Rasthali' also showed high susceptibility to salinity. At the same level of soil pH and conductivity 'Monthan' produced high bunch mass. It was inferred that 'Nendran', 'Rasthali' and 'Robusta' require high inputs, while 'Monthan' and 'Karpuravalli' can be grown under low input conditions. Growing 'Karpuravalli' and 'Monthan' under marginal conditions is cost-effective.
[Évaluation des performances de cultivars commerciaux dans un système de production marécageux]
[Une étude a été entreprise pour évaluer 8 cultivars commerciaux, appartenant à différents groupes génomiques en termes de croissance, de rendement et de qualité ainsi que pour leurs réactions aux maladies et leur tolérance au sel dans un système de production marécageux. 'Nendran' a le cycle de culture le plus court, alors que 'Karpuravalli' exige un plus long cycle de culture. Aucune maladie de tache foliaire n'a été détectée sur 'Karpuravalli', alors qu'une incidence élevée a été trouvée sur 'Robusta'. L'apparition du flétrissement a été notée sur 'Rasthali' et à un degré moindre sur 'Karpuravalli'. 'Rasthali' a également montré une sensibilité élevée à la salinité. Aux mêmes pH et conductivité du sol, 'Monthan' a eu un poids de régime plus élevé. 'Nendran', 'Rasthali' et 'Robusta' exigent de nombreux intrants, alors que 'Monthan' et 'Karpuravalli' n'en demandent que peu. La culture de 'Karpuravalli' et de 'Monthan' dans ces conditions marginales est rentable.]
[Evaluación del desempeño de los cultivares comerciales en el sistema de producción en tierras húmedas]
[Se emprendió un estudio para evaluar 8 cultivares comerciales, pertenecientes a diferentes grupos genómicos, con respecto al crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad, así como con respecto a su reacción a las enfermedades y tolerancia a la sal en un sistema de producción en tierras húmedas. El 'Nendran' tiene el ciclo de cultivo más corto, mientras que el 'Karpuravalli' requiere un ciclo de cultivo más largo. No se observaron enfermedades de mancha foliar en el 'Karpuravalli', mientras que 'Robusta' experimentó una alta incidencia. La incidencia del marchitamiento fue observada en el 'Rasthali' y hasta cierto punto en el 'Karpuravalli'. El 'Rasthali' también mostró una alta susceptibilidad a la salinidad. Con el mismo nivel de pH del suelo y conductividad, el 'Monthan' produjo una masa de racimo más alta. Se dedujo que el 'Nendran', 'Rasthali' y 'Robusta' requieren una alta aplicación de insumos, mientras que el 'Monthan' y 'Karpuravalli' pueden ser cultivados en condiciones de bajos insumos. El cultivo de 'Karpuravalli' y 'Monthan' bajo condiciones marginales es rentable.] The link below is to a saved search of all papers from this book. Hide full abstract View PDF View article on publisher's site
Singh, H.P.;
Uma, S.; Dayarani, M.
In: Picq, C. (ed.),
Fouré, E. (ed.), Frison, E.A. (ed.). Bananas and food security [Les productions bananières : un enjeu économique majeur pour la sécurité alimentaire].
INIBAP, 1999
Nendran is the popular plantain cultivar forming the basis of chips industry in southern states of India. Though it is grown in more than 25,000 ha in Tamil Nadu State, local consumption of the raw material is nil and its processing into chips is restricted to Kerala state from where the processed… Show full abstract products are distributed to different parts of the country. The raw material produced in one state reaches the processing unit in the other state through three main channels. This study of marketing channels and processing chain deals with various aspects like production trends, methodological problems associated with transportation, forced glut in the market, market fluctuations and efficiency of processing chains.
[Circuits de commercialisation et chaîne de transformation des chips de plantain en Inde du Sud]
[Nendran est le cultivar de plantain apprécié qui constitue la base de l'industrie des chips dans les états du sud de l'Inde. Bien qu'il soit cultivé sur plus de 25 000 ha dans l'Etat de Tamil Nadu, la consommation locale de la matière première est nulle et sa transformation en chips est limitée à l'état de Kerala, d'où les produits transformés sont distribués à d'autres régions du pays. La matière première, produite dans un état, gagne l'unité de transformation située dans l'autre état selon trois circuits principaux. Cette étude des circuits de commercialisation et de la chaîne de transformation examine divers aspects tels que les tendances de la production, les problèmes méthodologiques associés au transport, la saturation forcée du marché, les fluctuations du marché et l'efficacité des chaînes de transformation.]
[Canales de comercialización y cadenas de procesamiento de los chips de plátano en el sur de la India]
[El Nendran es un cultivar de plátano popular y representa la base de la industria de los chips en los estados del sur de la India. Aunque se cultiva en más de 25,000 ha en el estado de Tamil Nadu, el consumo local de la materia prima es nulo y su procesamiento en chips se restringe al estado de Kerala de donde los productos procesados se distribuyen a diferentes partes del país. La materia prima producida en un estado alcanza la unidad de producción en otro estado a través de tres canales principales. Este estudio de los canales de comercialización trata con varios aspectos, como las tendencias de producción, problemas tecnológicos asociados con el transporte, abundancia forzada en el mercado, fluctuaciones del mercado y eficacia de las cadenas de procesamiento.] Hide full abstract View PDF
Uma, S.;
Singh, H.P.; Dayarani, M.; Jeyabaskaran, K.J.
In: Picq, C. (ed.),
Fouré, E. (ed.), Frison, E.A. (ed.). Bananas and food security [Les productions bananières : un enjeu économique majeur pour la sécurité alimentaire].
INIBAP, 1999
In India, banana is a major fruit crop with an annual production of 13.2 million tonnes. Being highly perishable in nature, banana needs an organized marketing system in order to reduce the postharvest losses. In India, cooperative marketing of banana is gaining momentum, but a number of marketing… Show full abstract channels exists according to location specific needs. A case study was conducted involving the marketing of Poovan (Mysore) banana through five different channels. Marketing efficiency of individual channels, profit margin of operators at different levels including the grower, market cost, market margin, price fluctuations, price spread, price efficiency etc. are discussed in the paper with respect to production and marketing constraints.
[Organisation de l'approvisionnement et des circuits de commercialisation de la banane en Inde - étude de cas]
[La banane est une importante culture fruitière en Inde avec une production annuelle de 13,2 millions de tonnes. Compte tenu de sa nature très périssable, la banane doit avoir un système de commercialisation organisé afin de limiter les pertes post-récolte. En Inde, la commercialisation coopérative de la banane est en plein essor, mais il existe plusieurs circuits de commercialisation selon les besoins spécifiques du lieu. Une étude de cas a été réalisée sur la commercialisation de la banane Poovan (Mysore) par les cinq circuits existants. L'efficacité commerciale des circuits individuels, la marge de profit des opérateurs à différents niveaux dont celui du cultivateur, le coût sur le marché, la marge commerciale, les fluctuations des prix, la fourchette des prix, l'efficacité des prix etc. sont discutés dans l'article en rapport avec les contraintes de production et de commercialisation.]
[Estructura organizativa del suministro de bananos y comercialización en India: estudio de un caso]
[En India, el banano es el principal cultivo frutícola con una producción anual de 13.2 millones de toneladas. Siendo de naturaleza altamente perecedera, el banano requiere de un sistema organizado de comercialización para reducir las pérdidas postcosecha. En India, la comercialización cooperativa de banano está adquiriendo impulso, pero existen varios canales de comercialización de acuerdo con las necesidades de localizaciones específicas. Se realizó el estudio de un caso que involucra la comercialización del banano Poovan (Mysore) a través de cinco canales diferentes. En este trabajo se discuten la eficacia de comercialización de los canales individuales, márgenes de ganancia de los operadores en diferentes niveles incluyendo al productor, costo de comercialización, márgenes de los mercados, fluctuación de los precios, dispersión de los precios, eficacia de los precios con respecto a la producción y limitaciones de comercialización.] Hide full abstract View PDF
Uma, S.; Shyam, B.;
Selvarajan, R.;
National Research Centre for Banana (ICAR), 1999
Workdone for the period. Seven states namely Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Moghalaya, Manipur, Nagalaand, Tripura, Mizoram form theNorth-Eastern India. They harbor a rich genetic Musa diversity especially with respect to Balbisiana clones. Being a hilly terrain, it poses a very tough route to the… Show full abstract explorers. However, with the valuable assistance from the State Forest Research Institute (SFRI), Itanagar, this exploration work was undertaken. Under this reporting period, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Meghalaya were covered. ArunachaL Pradesh is the mountain state of eastern Himalayas and is considered as the 'land of rising sun' located between 26° 28'N and 97° 30' east covering an area of 83,578 km. Though the total plant wealth of the territory is reported to be more than 3000 species, the flora of this state is dominated by wild Musa species. The flora has undergone long periods of natural and human's selection owing to rich tribal culture inhabited here. Approximately 80 percent of the land area is covered by forests of different types, composition and distribution. Hide full abstract View PDF
Singh, H.P.;
Uma, S.In: Frison, E.A. (ed.), Horry, J.P. (ed.), De Waele, D. (ed.). New frontiers in resistance breeding for nematode, #Fusarium# and Sigatoka.
Workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2-5 October 1995
INIBAP, 1996
In Asian and Pacific regions, banana is a premier fruit having great socioeconomic significance. The region is the major centre of diversity and has contributed significantly to all the commercial banana cultivars in the world. Owing to long periods of domestication in the region, banana is… Show full abstract threatened by many insect pests and diseases. Chemical control of these pests and diseases is not only ineffective and costly but also causes environmental pollution. Therefore, the cultivars should have resistance to these insect pests and diseases with required agronomic characters. Current approaches and opportunities for the development of dessert banana of the AAB group are discussed in this paper.
[Dans les régions d'Asie et du Pacifique, la banane est le premier fruit ayant une grande signification socioéconomique. La région est un centre majeur pour la diversité génétique, ce qui a apporté une contribution significative à tous les cultivars de bananier commerciaux dans le monde. En raison de longues périodes d'acclimatation dans la région, le bananier est attaqué par beaucoup d'insectes ravageurs et de maladies. La lutte chimique contre ces ravageurs et ces maladies n'est pas seulement inefficace et coûteuse mais aussi occasionne une pollution de l'environnement. Par conséquent, les cultivars devraient posséder une résistance à ces insectes ravageurs et à ces maladies de même que des caractéristiques agronomiques requises. Dans cet article, les auteurs discutent des approches actuelles et des opportunités de développement du bananier dessert du groupe AAB.]
[En las regiones de Asia y del Pacífico, el banano es la fruta número uno, de gran significado socioeconómico. La región es el principal centro de diversidad y ha contribuido significativamente con todos los cultivares comerciales en el mundo. Debido a largos períodos de domesticación en la región, el banano es amenazado por muchas plagas de insectos y enfermedades. El control químico de estas plagas y enfermedades no sólo es inefectivo y costoso, sino también ocasiona contaminación ambiental. Por lo tanto, los cultivares deberían poseer resistencia a estas plagas y enfermedades con características agronómicas deseadas. En este artículo se discuten los enfoques actuales y las oportunidades para el desarrollo de bananos de postre del grupo AAB.] Hide full abstract View PDF